286 



THE LAEYXX. 



cornicula to the lateral mavg'ins of the epiglottis (fig. 101 ; and fif^'. 19'> 



8, 9, 10). ^ o o ; 



In studying the form of the laryngeal cavity and its apertures, it is 



proper to hecomo acquainted T;'ith the appearances which they present 



Fig- 191- Fig. 191.— Three Laryn- 



Goscopic Views of the 

 SuPEKioR Aperture of 

 THE Larynx and Sur- 

 rounding Parts in Dif- 

 ferent States op ths 

 Gtlottis during Life (from 

 Czermak). 



A, the glottis during the 

 emission of a high note in 

 singing. B, in easy or quiet 

 inhalation of air. C, in the 

 state of widest possible dila- 

 tation as in inhaling a very 

 deeiJ breath. The diagi-ams A', 

 B', and C, have been added to 

 Czermak's figures to show ia 

 horizontal sections of the 

 glottis the position of the 

 vocal ligaments and arytenoid 

 cartilages in the three several 

 states represented in the other 

 figures. In all the figures, so 

 far as marked, the letters in- 

 dicate the parts as follows, 

 viz. : I, the base of the tongue ; 

 e, the upper free part of the 

 epiglottis ; c', the tubercle 

 or cushion of the epiglottis ; 

 p h, i^art of the anterior wall 

 of the pharynx behind the 

 larynx ; in the margin of the 

 aryteno-epiglottidean fold vj, 

 the swelling of the membrane 

 caused by the cartilages of Wrisberg ; s, that of the cartilages of Santorini ; a, the tip 

 of the arytenoid cartilages ; c r, the true vocal cords or lips of the rima glottidis ; c i' g, 

 the superior or false vocal cords ; between them the ventricle of the larynx ; in C, t r is- 

 placed on the anterior wall of the receding trachea, and h indicates the commencement 

 of the two bronchi beyond the bifurcation, which may be brought into view in this state of 

 extreme dilatation. 



on examination during- life by means of the laryngoscope, and with the 

 relations of these to the anatomical structure. * On thns examining the 

 superior aperture, there are seen on each side two rounded elevations 

 (fig. 191, s, w), correspondiug respectively to the cornicula and the cunei- 

 form cartilages ; while in the middle line in front there is a tumescence 

 of the mucous membrane of the lower part of the epiglottis, enabling-^ 

 that structure to close tlie aperture more accurately when, it isdepressecl^ 

 and named the ti/herde or cusJ/ion of ihe qivjJoiiis {e'). The mucous 

 memlirane between the arytenoid cartilages is stretched when they are 

 separated (b, c), and folded double when" they are approximated (a).* 



On looking down through the superior opening of the larynx, the 

 (jlotlis or rima glottidis (fig. 192, f) is seen at some distance below, in 

 the form of a long narrow fissure running from before backwards. It 



Czermak on the Laryngoscoi)e, transhited by the New Sydenham Society. 



