THE SUBMAXILLAEY GLAXD. 337 



on the styloid process and styloid muscles ; and, in front, under cover 

 of the ramus of the jaw, it advances a certain distance between the 

 external and internal pterygoid muscles. 



The internal carotid artery and internal jugular vein are close to the 

 deep surface of the gland. The external carotid artery, accompanied 

 hx the temporal and internal maxillary veins, passes through the parotid 

 gland, and in that situation divides into the tempoi'al and internal 

 maxillary arteries, the former soon giving off the auricular and trans- 

 verse facial branches of the temporal. The gland is also traversed 

 by the facial nerve, which divides into branches within its substance, 

 and it is pierced by branches of the great auricular nerve. 



The parotid duct, named also Stenson's duct (d. Stenonianus), 

 appears at the anterior border of the gland, about one finger's breadth 

 below the zygoma, and runs forwards over the masseter muscle, accom- 

 panied by the socia parotidis, when that accessory portion of the glancl 

 exists, and receiving its ducts. At the anterior border of the masseter, 

 the duct (d) turns inwards through the fat of the cheek and pierces the 

 buccinator muscle ; and then, after running for a short distance ob- 

 liquely forwards beneath the mucous membrane, opens upon the inner 

 surface of the cheek, by a small oi-ifice opposite the crown of the second 

 molar tooth of the upper jaw. Its direction across the face may be 

 indicated by a line drawn from the lower margin of the concha of the 

 ear to a point midway between the red margin of the lip and the ala 

 of the nose. The length of the Stenonian duct is about two inches ^ 

 and a half, and its thickness about one line and a half. At the place 

 where it perforates the buccinator, its canal is as large as a crow-quill, 

 but at its orifice it is smaller than in any other part, and will only 

 admit a fine probe. 



The vessels of the parotid gland enter and leave it at numerous points. The 

 arteries are derived directly from the external carotid, and from those of its 

 branches which pass through or near the gland. The veins correspond. The 

 l;\nnphatics join the deep and superficial set in the neck ; and there are often one 

 or more Ijanphatic glands embedded in the substance of the parotid. The nerves 

 come from the sympathetic (carotid jjlexus), and also, it is said, from the facial 

 and the sujDerficial temporal and gi-eat aiu-iciUar nen^es. 



An instance is recorded by Giaiber of a remarkable displacement of the parotid 

 on one side ; the whole gland being situated on the masseter muscle as if it were 

 an enlarged socia parotidis. (Virchow's Archiv, xxxii., p. 328.) 



THE SUBMAXILLARY GLAND. 



The submaxillary gland (figs. 2oG, 237, sm), the next in size to the 

 parotid, is of a spheroidal form, and weighs about 2 or 2-j drachms. It 

 is situated immediately below the base and the inner surface of the 

 inferior maxilla, and above the digastric muscle. In this position it is 

 covered by the skin, fascia and platysma myoides, and its inner surface 

 rests on the mylo-hyoid, hyo-glossus, and stylo-glossus muscles ; above, 

 it corresponds with a depression on the imier surface of the jaw-bone ; 

 and it is separated behind from the parotid gland merely by the stylo- 

 maxillary membrane. The facial artery, before it mounts over the 

 jaw-bone, lies in a deep groove upon the back part and upper border 

 of the -gland. 



The duct of the submaxillary gland, named Wharton's duct {(T, fig. 

 237), which is about two inches in length, passes off, together with 



VOL. II. z 



