THE PHARYNX. 



341 



alveoli communicate with fine passages (salivary caiiillaries) — like the biliaiy 

 capillaries to be aftei-wards described — which pass lietween and around the 

 salivary-cells. Then- statements on this pomt agree generally with those previously 

 niade by Langerhans and Saviotti with reference to the i^ancreas, a gland of 

 similar structui-e (see fig. 239.) 



The blood-vessels of the salivary glands are numerous, and form a close capil- 

 lary network outside the basement membrane both of the alveoli and the ducts. 



The Ijanjjhatics were described by Gianuzzi as commencing in the form of 

 fissures between and around the alveoli, but further investigations are requii'ed 

 on this point. The issuing lymphatics accomjiany the blood-vessels. 



The nerves are large and numerous, and many of them exliibit minute ganglia. 

 Some of them have been observed to terminate in Pacinian corpuscles of a simjile 

 kind (Krause). 



According to Pfliig-er,"' the basement membrane of the alveoli, as well as of 

 the ducts, is perforated by the nerves, Avhich lose their medullary sheath, and. 

 breaking up into a number of branches, become connected with the protoplasm 

 of the cells, either directly (fig. 240. A) or by the medium of small multipolar 

 ganglion-cells (B). Others he desci;ibes as passing into the cell-nuclei. Other 

 observers, however, have hitherto failed to corroborate these statements. 



Fig. 240. 



A B 



Fig. 240. — Illustrating Pflxjger's views of the Termination of Nerves in the 

 Alveolar Cells (from Strieker's Handbook). 



A, Direct passage of uerve into a salivary cell ; B, by the medium of a multipolar 

 ganghon-cell, g. 



It may be added that Pfliiger believes (and in this he is to some extent sup- 

 ported by Heidenham) that the cells both of the alveoli and of the smaller ducts 

 undergo extensive disintegration during the active state of the gland, and are 

 afterwards renovated. 



THE PHARYNX. 



The phaijnx is tliat part of the alimentary canal "which unites the 

 cavities of the mouth and nose to the oesophagus. It extends from the 

 base of the skull to the lower border of the cricoid cartilage, and forms 

 a sac open at the lower end, and imperfect in front, where it presents 

 apertures leading into the nose, mouth and larynx. 



The velum pendulum palati projects backwards into the pharynx, and 



* Arcli. f. mikr. Anat. Y. ; and article, "Salivary Glands," in Strieker's Handbook, 



