REGIONS OF THE ABDOMEX. 



347 



Fif 



2i-6. 



cavity into three zones ; viz. an upper, a middle, and a lower. One of 

 these lines commences at the level of the most prominent point of the 

 ninth costal cartilages, the other line, opposite the crest of the ilinm. 

 Each of these zones again is subdivided into three parts by means of 

 two perpendicular lines, drawn from the cartilage of the eighth rib, on 

 each side, down to the middle of Poupart's ligament. 



The upper zone is thus marked off into the right and left hypochon- 

 driac regions (fig, 243, 4, 4) and the epigastric region (1), the depression 

 in the upper part of which is called scroUculus cordis, or pit of the 

 stomach. The middle zone is divided into the wnbUical region (2) in 

 the middle, and the right and left hnnhar regions (5, 5) ; and the inferior 

 zone into the inipoijastric region (3) in the middle, and the iliac region 

 (6, 6) at each side. 



On opening the abdominal 

 cavity from the front, the trans- 

 verse colon is seen passing from 

 right to left and separating the 

 viscera into an upper and lower 

 group. In the upper group are 

 comprised the liver, stomach, 

 spleen, and the commencing part 

 of the small intestine ; in the 

 lower, more or less hidden by the 

 great omentum, are the remain- 

 ing parts of the small intestine, 

 surrounded by the great intestine 

 and dipping into the pelvis, 

 where they come into relation 

 with the rectum and bladder, and 

 in the female also with the uterus. 

 Lying more posteriorly, and hid- 

 den by the intestines, are the 

 pancreas and kidneys. 



The surfaces of the viscera 

 which are in contact one with 

 another, and with the wall of the 

 cavity are rendered glistening by 

 a coating derived from the lining- 

 membrane of the cavity, the^j^r?- 

 toneimi; and the various organs 

 are found to be attached by 

 means of folds or duplicatures of 

 that membrane, termed mesen- 

 teries and omenta, which include 

 phatics belonging to each organ. 



Fi 



g. 2'43. — OUTLIXE OP THE ANTERIOR 

 SURFACE OF THE AbDOJIEX, SHOWING 

 THE DIVISION INTO REGIONS. 



1, epigastric region ; 2, umbilical ; 3, 

 hypogastric ; 4, 4, right and left hypo- 

 chondriac ; 5, 5, right and left lumbar ; 

 6, 6, right and left iliac. 



the blood-vessels, nerves, and lym- 



Subjoined is an enumeration of the viscera situated in the different 

 regions of the abdomen. 



Epigastric region 



Hypochondi-iac, right 



( The right part of the stomach, the pancreas, 

 \ and part of the liver. 



i The right lobe of the liver, with the gall- 

 ) bladder, part of the duodenum, the hepatic 

 \ flexure of the colon, part of the right kidney 

 ( with the con-esponding suprarenal capsule. 



