STEUCTURE OF THE PINNA. 



629 



assist in attaching it to the side of the head. The anterior ligament, 

 broad and strong, extends from the process of the helix to the root of 

 the zygoma. The posterior ligament fixes the back of the auricle 

 (opposite the concha) to the outer surface of the mastoid process of the 

 temporal bone. A few fibres attach the tragus also to the root of the 

 zygoma. Ligamentous fibres are likewise placed across the fissures and 

 intervals left in the cartilage. 



Of the miisctes of the pinna, those which are attached by one end to 

 the side of the head, and move the pinna as a whole, have been already 

 described (vol. i.) : there remain to be examined several smaller mus- 

 cles, composed of thin layers of pale-looking fibres, which extend from 

 one part of the pinna to another, and may be named the special muscles 

 of the organ. Six such small muscles are distinguished ; four being 

 placed on the outer and two on the inner or deep surface of the pinna. 



The smatler muscle of the helix (fig. 442, 1) is a small bundle of ob- 

 lique fibres, lying over, and firmly attached to, that portion of the helix 

 which springs from the bottom of the concha. 



The {jreater muscle of the helix (fig. 442, 2) lies vertically along the 

 anterior margin of the pinna. By its lower end it is attached to the 

 process of the helix ; and above, its fibres terminate opposite the point 

 at which the ridge of the helix turns backwards. 



The muscle of the tragus (fig. 442, 3) is a flat bundle of short fibres 

 covering the outer surface of the tragus : its direction is nearly vertical. 



The muscle of tlie antitraijus (fig. 442, 4) is placed obliquely over the 

 antitragus and behind the lower part of the antihelix. It is fixed at 



Fig. 442. — Cartilage of the 

 Pinna exposed, with the 

 Muscles on its Outek Suk- 



FACE, 



1, musculiis lielicis minor ; 

 2, m. helicis majoi- ; 3, tra- 

 gicus ; 4, antitragicus. 



Fig. 443. —Inner Surface of 

 THE Cartilage of the 

 Pinna with the Small 

 Muscles attached. 



5, transversus auriciilffi 

 muscle ; 6, obliquus auriculas 

 muscle. 



Fig. 442. 



Fig. 443. 



one end to the antitragus, from which point its fibres ascend to be 

 inserted into the tail-like extremity of the helix, above and behind the 

 lobule. 



The transverse muscle (fig. 443, 5) lies on the inner or cranial surface 

 of the pinna, and consists of radiating fibres which extend from the 

 back of the concha to the prominence which corresponds with the 

 groove of the helix. 



The ohlique muscle (Tod) (fig. 443, 6) consists of a few fibres stretching 

 from the back of the concha to the convexity directly above it, across 

 the back of the inferior branch of the antihelix, and near the fibres of 

 the transverse muscle. 



