40 VENOMS 
cavity. Scales in 13 or 15 rows; 190—260 ventrals, 12—44 sub- 
caudals in 2 rows. 
Four species belonging to this genus are known :— 
(1) H. calligaster.—2 + 3 temporal scales, 6 supralabials. 
Colour purple, with black transverse bands separated by narrow 
white bars; belly and end of tail red; snout yellow, with a black 
band on the upper lip below the eyes. 
Total length, 520 millimetres ; tail 30. 
Habitat: Philippine Islands. 
(2) H, collaris.—No anterior temporal scales. 
Colour black on the back, with black and red bands on the belly ; 
a yellow collar on the occiput. 
Total length, 430 millimetres ; tail 15. 
Habitat: Philippine Islands. 
(3) H. nigrescens.—Scales in 13 rows. A single temporal scale ; 
218—9251 ventrals ; 33—44 subcaudals. 
Belly uniformly red; upper lp yellow in front of and behind 
the eyes. 
Total length, 1,100 millimetres ; tail 115. 
Habitat: Hills of Western India, from Bombay to Travancore. 
(4) H.japonicus.—Scales in 13 rows; 190—216 ventrals ; 28—29 
subcaudals ; temporals 1 + 1. 
Colour red on the back, with 1—5 black bands crossed by other 
black bands edged with yellow. Snout and sides of head black. 
Belly yellow, with large black spots alternating with black trans- 
verse bands. 
Total length, 520 millimetres ; tail 40. 
Habitat : Loo Choo Islands. 
(d) Callophis. 
This genus is characterised by the maxillary bones extending 
forwards beyond the palatines, with a pair of large poison-fangs, 
but without other teeth. Head and eyes small, pupils round; 
