Fra. 31.—Ancistrodon hypnale. 
(The Carawalla of Ceylon.) 
(After Sir Joseph Fayrer.) 
VENOMS 
on the vertex; a dark, light-edged band 
on the temple; belly whitish, more or 
less speckled with grey or brown. 
Total length, 490 millimetres ; tail 65. 
Habitat: From the borders of the 
Caspian Sea and the Ural River to the 
Upper Yenisei; Turkestan. 
A. intermeaius.—Resembles the fore- 
going very closely, but the snout is not 
turned up at the end. 
Total length, 750 millimetres ; tail 85. 
Habitat: Central Asia, Eastern 
Siberia, Mongolia, and Japan. 
A. blomhofhi.—Similar to A. halys, 
but the snout is not turned up at the 
end, and the body scales are in 21 rows; 
137—166 ventral scales; 29—55 sub- 
caudals. 
Coloration very variable ; grey, brown, 
or red above, with large black-edged spots 
arranged in pairs; black, light-edged 
band on the temple; upper lip uniformly 
yellow or red; belly yellow or reddish, 
more or less spotted with black, or almost 
entirely black. 
Total length, 720 millimetres; tail 
100. 
Habitat : Eastern Siberia, Mongolia, 
China, Japan, Siam. 
A. himalayanus. — Snout  scarcely 
turned up, with a hard tip; 5—7 supra- 
labial shields. Body scales in 21 (rarely 
93) rows; 144—166 ventrals; sub- 
caudals in 35—51 pairs. 
