VENOMS IN THE ANIMAL SERIES 281 
paralysis, with coagulation of the blood; subcutaneously it leads 
to the formation of enormous abscesses, with necrosis of the tissues. 
Small animals, such as spiders, species 
of Scutigera, beetles, &c., are very sen- 
sitive to it. 
The bite of Scolopendridæ is very 
painful to human beings. In the 
Tropics such bites often cause some- 
what serious results: insomnia, ac- 
celerated and intermittent pulse, and 
local cedema, which usually disappears 
after twenty - four hours. Well- 
authenticated fatal accidents have 
never been recorded (Bachelier,’ 
Saulie’). 
(d) Insects. 
A very large number of insects 
produce acrid or irritant secretions, 
which serve them as a means of de- 
fence, but cannot be considered as true 
venoms; the species of Meloé (oil- 
beetles) and Cantharis (blister-beetles), 
are the most remarkable in this respect. 
The Order Hymenoptera is the only 
one that includes a multitude of species 
Fic. 99.—PoISON-APPARATUS 
OF THE BEE. 
gl.ac, Acid gland and its two 
branches ; V, poison-sac; gl.al, 
alkaline gland; gor, gorget. 
(After Carlet: figure bor- 
rowed from Hommel.) 
really provided with poison-glands and an inoculatory apparatus. 
The poison-organs, which have been well studied, especially by 
Leuckart,? Leydig,‘ Carlet,> and more especially by L. Bordas," 
“Ta scolopendre et sa piqure,” Thèse Paris, 1887. 
2 & Appareil venimeux et venin de la scolopendre,” T'hèse Montpellier, 1889. 
“ Lehrbuch der Anatomie der Wirbellosen Tiere,” 1848. 
Comptes rendus de V Acad. des Sciences, 1884. 
1 
2 
3 
4 Arch für anat. Wissensch., 1859. 
5 
6 
“ Appareil glandulaire des hyménoptères,” Paris, 1894. 
