72 VENOMOUS SNAKES AND THE PHENOMENA OF THEIR VENOMS 
each species. However, certain exceptions must be expected, as a strict 
uniformity does not rule out biological phenomena. For these reasons the 
figures given by different investigators do not quite agree, yet they agree 
sufficiently to furnish us with the approximate toxicity of each venom. 
The minimum lethal doses of the venoms of various species of snake are 
given in table 1. The figures indicate the quantities of dried venom in gram 
per kilogram of the body-weight of the animals. In order to make compari- 
son of the quantities given by different authors in different standards pos- 
sible, these are reduced to the uniform standard and unit, unless special 
statement is made to the contrary. 
Certain remarkable facts will be noticed by scrutinizing the effects of 
minimum lethal doses of various venoms upon different classes of animals 
by different modes of administration. ‘The very high toxicity of the marine- 
snake venoms, as compared with that exhibited by most of the elapine-snake 




TABLE I. 
. Animal experi- Nature of Amount of venom . 
Species, etc. mented Teor injection. administered. Authority. 
Colubridz: 
Elapine: 
Naja tripudians ..... Rabbit. Intravenous .. | 0.00025 to 0.0005 | Calmette. 
Dor eee err .. do. =1d0; 5) |O:000g5 Lamb. 
WON eerie an SCO nied brunt Gowers 0.000245 Fraser. 
OMe cyereei-t Che ioag |Mstaloa do. .... | 0.0007 Elliot. 
WD Ora areeosenstgs: Guinea- pig Subcutaneous 0.0004 Calmette.! 
DOr tesa seks . do. do. .... | 0.0005 Noguchi. 
DOs ee vereya crest. By koe eer ol ements do; =...) || o:coon8 Fraser. 
DOS e craves RAR yes. <i |) Gear do. 3. .= ||| o:0006 Calmette. 
1D Ose eer Be ile, Sige WS eas aly saat 0.0004 to 0.0007 Lamb. 
DO tte Hoo ley Foo sllesedoe doneace 0.0005 Rogers. 
DOstients otic’ Bowles ce.) Gas cepsabtectstel 0.003 Elliot. 
Dose sear Mousemien ||) & sartanceeae 0.00012 Calmette.? 
DOr isco ci: DYYstAgose | sacs alopddae 0.0005 Lamb. 
DOs Lisa cei enehe pS (OS ear || eiceror do. .... | 0.0008 Calmette. 
Domeeree cea Horse .... | Intravenous .. | 0.0009 Lamb. 
TD Oe ie cere eheioy tots ace Monkey .. | Intravascular. | 0.00025 Do. 
INajainaje taal Guinea=pig. |) 2252 snc2 2 oa 0.0045 Calmette.3 
Naja bungarus...... Rabbit.... | Intravenous 0.00035 Lamb. 
Bungarus fasciatus. . Bic loks hotel ieoto ec do: 2... ||| .0:0007 Do. 
IDO. le eyistae aaicis fends Subcutaneous. | 0.0025 to 0.003 Do. 
DO aac enseeisiess RA Citys te asi ieresions it secs 0.0015 Do. 
Came etree Monkeys il) enitectee et 0.003 Do. 
Bungarus ceruleus Rabbit. Intravenous .. | 0.00004 Do. 
DOM hake Chnae 13 dG. Subcutaneous. | 0.00008 Elliot, Sillar, and 
Carmichael.5 
Doser eerotts ese eis: EDI Masts eisereteet ae 0.0009 Calmette.4 
Dott. tarde hase sel Rataiencet Subcutaneous 0.001 Elliot, Sillar, and 
Carmichael.5 
INotechis sscttatus 1s:11l PRabbiteen en ies cles treats 0.00025 C. J. Martin. 
Hoplocephalus curtus 
me Backfires SAON CAG A tetidoesee eae nes 0.000289 Calmette. 
Be mpcteisteyeieioss . do. Intravenous 0.00006 Tidswell. 
peers porphyria- MI Osoieel ll etontctte skit 0.0005 C. J. Martin. 
cus. 
DO: Meee osysisie 5 MO? Nersioh || Gatierein sete score 0.00125 Calmette. 
Hydrophiine: 
eaace platurus..... PIP EON cre) llitcieriee ta ee 0.000075 Rogers. 
Serre thers sets Mind -tishiss laters sete ite «2 |, rOs80025 Do. 
eae bengalensis | Rabbit.... | Intravenous 0.00005 Rogers. 
s. valakadien. 
WO casaslee sive hd Ocgaire alleae hoes doveicee 0.00006 Fraser and Elliot. 
Doster reels (Chiaanetg |lvabocsadegastc 0.0002 Do. 
Doe tae jacernaets Ratint thins imcecomins wise ssn 0.00009 Do. 
~ dircgntiyeseecns uedete IPigeoniie all meted rcticasiotetecic 0.00005 Rogers. 
Bev cuattetecamerchate Mud-fish nCodo nae moden. terete) Do. ‘ 
Enhydss CULEUS iaiaiie Rat Een ct alee «ner 0.0005 to 0.0006 | Fraser and Elliot. 

