TOXIC SECRETIONS OF VENOMOUS SNAKES 

TABLE 1.— Continued. 

73 

. Animal experi- Nature Of Amount of venom . 
Species, etc. mented ee injection. administered. Authority. 
Viperide: 
iperine: 
pers elegans s. Da- | Rabbit.... | Intravenous .. | 0.0001 to0.000075 | Lamb 
oia russellii ...... 
ORR Se oy acted tals RetcOs tha ens arta Cone ae 0.00005 oO. 
Ore cre cen Dee LOE: (oa sei aeeetete do: 2...) || 0,003 Elliot. 
Doe ei Biyecscins Guinea-pig | Intraperitoneal | 0.0002 Lamb. 
Op wt aeremrerare ore ACO ate tee Raises do:,.... | 0,00rs Calmette.® 
Ot Arie ee. 215 ae Bf Os. seneatey sitisiere do. .... | 0.00025 Noguchi 
WO Ree Mie rcyoc es Pigeon Subcutaneous. | 0.0006 Lamb. 
DO eeatrees cere reer Bowl: 22) \\Merrs o tater serne 0.003 Elliot.7 
Dy Ss emearc ode Monkey .. | Intravascular. | 0.001 to 0.003 Lamb. 
Vipera berus s. Pelias | Rabbit.... | ..........--- 0.004 Calmette. 
berus 
DOS serena sar spat Gumed-pige || ceisars so <n 0.0006 Do.8 
Crotaline: 
Ancistrodon contortrix | Guinea-pig | ............. 0.0225 Do.® 
Cotes ora serfs ... do. ... | Intraperitoneal | 0.001 to 0.0012 Noguchi. 
Ancistrodon piscivorus | Rabbit.... | ..... do. .... | 0.0025 Do. 
Reet raised tian ... do. ... | Subcutaneous. 
Lachesis flavoviridis.. | ... do.... | ..... dos «/-- -1i|| 0.05 £L0\0.011 Ishizaka. 
DOs s foct eno Gained DIPs |remeias, thee aclers 0.01 Calmette.!° 
WOerccscsecae ees ouse.... | Subcutaneous. | 0.02 Ishizaka.!! 
DWOweee sirens Rey MO Onis all eeratss ‘do, 0.03 to 0.0005 Kitashima 
DOe eersaesras oc Guinea-pig | ..... Oseroere 0.0018 to 0.0004 Do. 
OTE CEE soo etortos iReNal sya Al eect do..... | 0.003 to 0.0005 Do. 
DOs sas ronrenision Piseoni2. . \\¥.s56% Oe rai 0.003 tO 0.0005 Do. 
DOs rasta c cites Chicken22;, 755. do. .... | 0.006 to 0.001 Do. 
1D Sage oer DOO tai! |i beter doves. 0.03 to 0.0005 Do. 
DOR erissie sr o.si° REI ve | See cie's do..... | 0.06 to 0.001 Do. 
DOS (ae free. s)+"-va (Cy OSE 6 bop ileactae Edom eri: 0.18 to 0.003 Do. 
I epee re inal SEI Pa re ereten) Ihurcuaye pers do..... | 0.18 £0 0.003 Do. 
Lachesis lanceolatus.. | Guinea-pig | .........-..+ 0.03 Calmette.1s 
Eachesis gramineus «. | Rabbit...: | .......000..- 0.002 Lamb. 
Lachesis neuwiedii .. | Guinea-pig | ............. 0.03 Calmette.13 
Lachesis mutus...... er shia cuael li Sere teh sEeaeh ors 0.03 Do.!s 
Crotalus adamanteus. | Rabbit.... | Intraperitoneal | 0.0004 Noguchi. 
WOR erie sock as ... do.... | Intravenous .. | 0.0002 Do. 
DD Oe tt-eten eres ... do. ... | Subcutaneous. | 0.005 Do. 
Doris ares Guinea-pig | Intraperitoneal | 0.002 
DO sie eewians cia oce ... do. ... | Intracerebral . | 0.000125 Flexner and No- 
guchi. 

10.0002 per 600 to 7oo grams, another estimate 
of Calmette. 
0.000003 per 25 grams. 
30.003 per 600 to 700 grams. 
40.0006 per 600 to 700 grams. 
5 Proc. Roy. Soc., 1904, 108. 
6 0.001 per 600 to 700 grams. 
7 Elliot. An account of some researches into the 
nature and action of snake venom. Brit. Med. 
Jour., 1900, I, 309, 1146; II, 217. 
8 0.004 per 600 to 7oo grams. 
90.015 per 600 to 700 grams. 
10 0,007 per 600 to 7oo grams. 
11 09,0003 per 13 to 18 grams. 
12 The minimal lethal doses for these animals 
were given in relative values compared to that 
for the mouse, but the writer reproduced them 
in grams in order to enable them to be com- 
pared with the results of the others. 
13 9,02 per 600 to 700 grams. 
venoms, is striking. Then one will quickly notice that viperine as well as 
crotaline venoms are less fatal than those of the colubrines. The venom of 
Daboia russellii is, however, an exception to this general rule. Another 
interesting relation between the action of the colubrine venom and that of the 
viperine or crotaline venoms is seen in the high resistance offered by Mus 
against the latter set of venoms. I have often seen instances where the com- 
mon domestic white rats withstood the intraperitoneal injection of the venoms 
of Crotalus adamanteus or Ancistrodon piscivorus in a dose of about 0.01 gm. 
This refractory characteristic of white rats was first noticed in Copenhagen, 
where I tried to find out the minimum lethal dose for that particular animal. 
Previous to that time I never had any reason to suspect such resistance in 
