102 VENOMOUS SNAKES AND THE PHENOMENA OF THEIR VENOMS 
With the venom of Lachesis flavoviridis or Trimeresurus riukiuanus Ishi- 
zaka gives the following experiments: 
Acids: A solution of the venom kept in contact with 1 per cent acetic acid 
during 24 hours at 37°C. loses its hemorrhagic property. Lactic acid does the 
same. Hydrochloric acid acts much more strongly and it is sufficient to destroy 
the venom at room temperature to make the solution somewhat acid, within ro to 
15 minutes. 
The solution of ferrochloride separates (in the presence of sodium acetate, 
in the cold) the toxic principles and renders the venom inert. 
Hydrogen sulphide produces a heavy precipitate, which, when freed from the 
sulphide by passage of the air, is seen to have been deprived of its poisonous action 
to a considerable extent. 
Acetone separates out all active principles of the venom solution. The precipi- 
tate is difficultly soluble in water, but easily in alkalies, and has the activity of the 
native venom, provided the action of acetone was not too long. The filtrate is, 
on the other hand, entirely innocent. 
Shaking with ether or toluol has no effect on the venom solution, but shaking 
with petroleum ether or hydrogen sulphide for 5 to 10 minutes produces thick, 
white emulsion. ‘The emulsion, when centrifugalized, gives a clear fluid which has 
all the original powers of the venom. Drying this clear fluid in vacuum reduces 
its activity to a certain extent. 
Shaking the venom solution with chloroform causes emulsion, from which a 
clear portion is obtained by centrifugalization. After repeating this process we 
can get a clear solution which has no more hemorrhagic constituents, but is still 
neurotoxic and hemolytic. 
