112 VENOMOUS SNAKES AND THE PHENOMENA OF THEIR VENOMS 
may be the seat of hemorrhages. In cases in which hemorrhages took 
place from the mucous tracts during life, these surfaces are intensely congested 
and hemorrhagic. 
Autopsies in cases of death from the viperine snakes present intense hem- 
orrhage and oedema at the point bitten. If the venom goes into subcutaneous 
tissue the underlying muscles are frequently disorganized and even diffluent 
from extravasation of blood. Hzmorrhages may also be found in any of the 
organs and along the alimentary tract. Kidneys are congested and hemor- 
rhagic. The blood is fluid. 
VARIOUS SYMPTOMS OF SNAKE POISONING ENCOUNTERED IN MAN. 
One or other of the following symptoms or conditions is described as 
having occurred during life or after death (Fayrer) : 
Local: Pain in the bitten part. Tingling of the bitten part. Burning sensation 
in the bitten part and up the limb. Loss of feeling in the bitten part and 
up the limb. C&dema in the bitten part and up the limb. Swelling in the 
bitten part and up the limb. Discolorations blue-black in the bitten part 
and up the limb. Sloughing of the part bitten. Erysipelatous inflamma- 
tion of limb or part. Hemorrhage from the punctures. 
General and constitutional: Drowsiness. Thirst. Restlessness. Uneasiness. Rapid 
or sudden unconsciousness. Foaming at the mouth. Stertor. Coma. In- 
sensibility. Nausea. Vomiting. Vomiting of black fluid (of blood). Swelling 
of face and body. Fever. ‘Tossing of limbs. Rolling of head. Hurried 
respiration. Cold, clammy sweats. Saliva running from mouth. Pupils 
contracted. Pupils dilated, insensible to light. Heart’s action weak, flutter- 
ing, intermittent. Twitching of diaphragm. Pulse feeble, hemorrhagic, lost. 
Anxiety. Despondency. High spirits. Feeling of a glow over the body. 
Difficulty of articulation. Loss of articulation. Rigidity. Stiffness. Con- 
vulsions. Coma. Spasms. Subsultustendinum. Facial paralysis. Heemop- 
tysis. Hematomesis. Hematuria. Hemorrhage from eyes, nose, mucous 
membrane of passages, from under thumb and great toe-nails. Loss of voice. 
Staring. Throbbing headache. Delirium. Peculiar odor in excreta. Dim- 
ness of vision. Vertigo. Loss of vision. Oppression of epigastrium. Choleraic, 
husky voice. Dryness of throat. Feeling of swelling of tongue. Coldness. 
Froth in lips. ; 
The above descriptions agree mostly with the cobra poisoning. 
In the post-mortem examinations Fayrer found recorded: 
Blood generally fluid, dark; sometimes clots in the heart or great vessels, dark blood 
oozing from the mouth. Lungs sometimes pale, sometimes congested, some- 
times natural. Heart normal; clots or fluid blood in cavities; cavities stained 
with dark blood. Abdominal viscera sometimes normal, sometimes congested. 
Liver and spleen sometimes congested. Kidneys nearly always congested. 
Cadaveric rigidity present in some, absent in other cases. Abdomen swollen, 
distended. Body and limbs generally swollen; bitten part discolored; sug- 
gillations; effusions of dark sanguinolent serum into areolar tissue. 
