180 VENOMOUS SNAKES AND THE PHENOMENA OF THEIR VENOMS 
none of the venoms employed could dissolve the washed corpuscles of horse 
in a serum-free saline medium. His results are shown in table 9, 0.1 mg. 
being administered in each case. 
TABLE 9g. 


Complete Complete ": 
haseolyeis in— Name. kemalens in— 
Colubride: Viperidz — Continued. 
Cobra goss site tatsgo ate 5 mins. Crotalinze — 
Srey ere eye ere eile ore 10 Lachesis flavoviridis......| 35 mins 
Nap aymOin es acai: cits ie cs -tonenee 20 Ancistrodon piscivorus....| 40 
Notechis scutatus .......... 40 Ancistrodon contortrix ....| 60 
Wiperidsest 1 Py ia oe on M Tararactissulcces aa en ra. cites 2 hours 
Nipering—<—9 9 Oe et Sol Pei ifaramacan sevdepam crete. atte 24 
Mipera *berusy ize seisickas «,» Gor on ii erat te cere ei entenrabeiare 3 
Vipera) russelliic ())22 11-5 30 ~~ «i | «+ Bachesislanceolatusi-..--: 3 



In testing the antiheemolytic power of an antitoxin obtained by immunizing 
an animal against the venoms of Cobra and Bothrops, Noc found that it neu- 
tralized the hemolytic action of 1 mg. of the venoms of Cobra, Bothrops, 
Urutu, Bungarus, Jararaca, Naja noir, and Vipera berus, but failed to do so 
against that of Trimeresurus of Japan (Lachesis flavoviridis). Here he 
makes the statement that the antihemolytic power in vitro of a given sample 
of antivenin is the measure of its antitoxic power im vivo against the same 
venom. 
Notwithstanding Noc’s approximate statement in regard to the stronger 
hemolytic activities with the elapine venoms, it does not follow that all 
colubrine snakes are included in this general rule. On the contrary, it is 
found by Rogers that another large subfamily of Colubride, the Hydrophiine, 
contains no appreciable hemolytic principles in their powerful venoms. 
Rogers' studied the hemolytic action of Enhydrina, Distira cyanocincta, 
and Distira cantoris upon the bloods of man and pigeon. When these venoms, 
especially that of Enhydrina, are mixed with the suspension of the blood in 
the ratio of over 1 to 1,000, complete hemolysis occurs after 24 hours’ contact. 
Cobra venom has about 100 times more hemolytic power. When the toxicity 
of these two venoms is compared the enhydrina venom surpasses the cobra 
venom by ro times (1 minimal lethal dose for pigeon = 0.00005 gm. for Eny- 
drina and 0.0005 for Cobra). In still another form of presentation 200 mini- 
mal lethal doses of enhydrina venom can dissolve only 3qyq part of the blood 
of the bird, excluding the possible réle in the fatal issue played by the hemo- 
lytic poison in the enhydrina toxication. 
Kyes? (1904) took up the question why none of the kinds of bloods of dif- 
ferent species of animals is attacked by the hemolytic principles of snake 
venom, in spite of the presence of a nearly equal amount of lecithin in all 
bloods. Kyes advanced the theory that lecithin in the blood corpuscles of 
various species does not exist in the same manner, and in some kinds it is 

‘Leonard Rogers. On the physiological action of the poison of the Hydrophidz. Proc. Roy. Soc., 
1903, LXXI, 48r. 
Lecithin und Schlangengifte. 
2 Kyes, Zeitschr. f. physiolog. Chemie, 1904, XLI, 273. ° 
