VENOM HEMOLYSIS AND VENOM AGGLUTINATION 191 
From the above table it appears that the antihemolytic property of sodium 
citrate is not directed against the same set of activators as that of calcium 
chloride. Sodium citrate has a certain inhibiting influence upon hemolysis 
caused by venom and lecithin, but almost none against the combination 
hemolysis of fatty substances and venom. This relation is exactly the reverse 
with calcium chloride. 
Teruuchi* found that cobra hemolysin and its antitoxin are destroyed by 
dog’s pancreatic juice, activated with the intestinal juice. Cobra lecithid 
is not affected by this treatment. Through digestion of the neutral mixture 
of cobralysin and antitoxin by pancreatic juice a portion of the lysin can be 
restituted. On the other hand, the combination of the mixture of cobralysin 
and antitoxin with lecithin before digestion seems to prevent the liberation of 
active lysin under the influence of the pancreatic juice. 
Von Dungern and Coca studied the constitution of cobra hemolysins and 
found that the washed corpuscles of ox, which are completely insusceptible 
to the venom, can be dissolved by adding either fresh guinea-pig serum or 
lecithin. This was first discovered by Flexner and Noguchi and Kyes and 
Sachs. Von Dungern and Coca investigated whether the cobralysin is ab- 
sorbed by these corpuscles or not. By allowing the washed ox corpuscles to 
remain in contact with cobra venom for some hours they found that the cells 
absorbed a certain portion of cobralysin from the fluid in which they had been 
suspended. The evidence of absorption was brought out by washing the 
corpuscles with saline solution, freeing them from cobralysin, and then 
examining the corpuscles for susceptibility to serum complements and leci- 
thin. If the corpuscles were laden with venom amboceptors, or sensitized 
with venom sensibilisatrice, hemolysis would occur on adding complements 
or lecithin. In fact, they discovered that the venomized corpuscles are easily 
dissolved by adding guinea-pig complements, but not lecithin. They exam- 
ined the venom solution, after separation of the corpuscles, for its haemolytic 
property, and again demonstrated that it retained all its hemolysin con- 
tent by adding lecithin, but lost all its complement-activable hemolysin. In 
other words, venom contains two different types of hemolysins, one resem- 
bling typical serum amboceptor, the other quite different from that class of 
hemolysins. ‘The latter is active in the presence of lecithin, but not of serum 
complements, and is not absorbed by the ox corpuscles. 
Not knowing the discovery of Noguchi, von Dungern and Coca, independ- 
dently of him, found that calcium chloride, barium chloride, and magnesium 
chloride can prevent hemolysis caused by venom — especially that calcium 
chloride is of much greater power than the other two. Like Noguchi, they 
also observed that their antihemolytic properties are due to suppression of 
the activating property of serum complements, without preventing the ambo- 
ceptors from being absorbed by the corpuscles. Only a slight inhibition can 
1Teruuchi. Die Wirkung des Pankreassaftes auf das Hamolysin des Cobragiftes und seine Verbin, 
Se mit dem Antitoxin und Lecithin. Hoppe-Seyler’s Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 1907- 
» 478. 5 
