SPECIFICITY AND THERAPEUTIC VALUES OF ANTIVENINS 239 
neutralized 0.00059 gm.), but completely failed to neutralize the poisons of 
brown and black snakes and also that of the death adder. 
TABLE 23.— Cobra antivenina 
| TA a ee ee ee eee 





Antivenin of Protection Antihemolytic power Anticlotting power 
Species. in vivo. in vitro. in vitro. 
Naja tripudians: 
1om.1.d.+1.2c.c. ..| Nosymptoms ..... Very highly antihemolytic 
tom.1.d.alone .....| Died within rhr. .. . 0.00025 gm. +0.04 c.c. =none 
Naja bungarus: 
tom.1.d.+14¢.c. ..| Diedin 31 hrs. ..... Almost noidction..:.....2..- 
FS) caicgl Wo EL Sh TR Rey el os gt sh ae I a a oa ea 
Bungarus ceruleus: 
TOM Gs -Paicic., -.5| Miedinc hrs ....6 Markedly antihemolytic..... 
tom.l.d.alone..... Piled i. 26 rie te nig | ons « Uae Fats Os re 
Bungarus fasciatus: 
gm.l.d.t4cc. ....| Diedinarhrs...... IN GPASHIOM Is oy rete crcl erste sate, 3 
3m.l.d.alone...... term aG@hras eee te ae ee es SAG g. 
INGLEGhIS|SCUtAIISI <5 05)| oan ence tecrcs saree oe INGIAGHON st aue eis catecy, oo ore No action. 
Enhydrina valakadien: 
tom.l.d.+zoc.c. ..| Diedin 2ohrs...... Almost no action............ 
Pui nels Paty CcCrero. | OMTVIVER Bn Usa. ited eoudeece oes dos. ogee 
tom.l.d.alone..... Read ea ETE te ea OD Ae fe had nes yn Ua on 
Daboia russellii: 
5m.ld.+4c.c. ....| Diedingmin. ..... INGiaction: Frye. ieee cen: No action. 
Echis carinata: 
2m.l.d.+4c.c. Diedin r$hrs...... INGIachOn a Moki e geehire No action. 
2m.) dsalone’.:.... EMCEE RIS Nis Ear otal ee ee a: 
Lachesis gramineus: 
aimed ds-1-2ie.c: a. Died in Ojhrs: .. 4. Noractionvss: .)s4es. eae No action. 
2m.l.d.alone...... ects GER tw Cleese e Maye tc Clad od gh oe 
Crotalus adamanteus: 
Amol d.--A. cc... .|.DiediniGhrss . sss. INovaction#: hisses os hace No action. 
2m.l1.d.alone..... Died in 8 hrs. 
BUR Cena Tih 9\ 8's cays) 05y a, 8) wielis\ e/a imiale.ie)'6 vale’ pie) eve cé)& 

The anticoagulating property of cobra venom is effectively stopped, but 
that of Naja bungarus is decreased little or not at all. 
CROTALUS ADAMANTEUS ANTIVENIN. 
Flexner and Noguchi? succeeded in producing pure crotalus antivenins in 
rabbit and dog by means of certain modified solutions of the crotalus venom. 
The strength of one of the preparations was such that 1 c.c. of it neutralized 
11 minimal lethal doses of unmodified crotalus venom. With this antivenin 
they tested its protective action against the venoms of cobra, daboia, and 
water-moccasin. ‘They found that 2 c.c. of this serum had no antitoxic action 
whatever against only one lethal dose of these first two, but possessed some 
against the last-named venom. Two minimal lethal doses of the moccasin 
venom were thus made non-fatal with 1 c.c. of the serum. They noticed, 
however, that the hemorrhagin of this venom remained but little neutralized, 
while the antivenin was very effective in removing the hemorrhagic action 
from the crotalus venom. From this fact Flexner and Noguchi were led to 
assume that a multiplicity of hemorrhagins occur in the venoms of different 
species of snakes. 
hn 
‘Lamb. Specificity of antivenomous sera. Second communication. Sci. Mem. Off. Med. Sanit. 
Dept. Govern. Ind., 1904, n.s., No. ro. 
2 Flexner and Noguchi. Production and properties of anticrotalus venin. Jour. of Med. Research, 
1904, n.¥s., VI, 363. 
