260 VENOMOUS SNAKES AND THE PHENOMENA OF THEIR VENOMS 
“‘qcalc.”’ were calculated on the hypothesis that 1c.c. of antivenin is equiva- 
lent to 1.2 c.c. of the venom solution and that K = o. In this case the devia- 
tion of the calculated values with the increase of antivenin is much greater 
than in the cases of crotalus and cobralysins. 
From these observations Madsen and Noguchi point out that the neutrali- 
zation of the toxic principles of cobra, moccasin, and crotalus venoms by their 
specific antivenin shows analogy with the results obtained by Madsen, 
Arrhenius, and Walbum with many other toxins and antitoxins, and can be 
interpreted according to the view held by Arrhenius and Madsen. With the 
hemolytic components of these venoms the neutralization shows almost a 
straight line and there is only slight dissociation. 
The results obtained by Kyes' regarding the neutralization of cobralysin 
by antilysin show also that the reaction between these two bodies is very 
strong and gives a straight line. Criticizing the results obtained by Myers 
and by Flexner and Noguchi, who found a marked curve indicative either of 
TABLE 38. 
I C.C. 0.05 per cent solution of moccasin 
venom + 7 c.c. of antivenin + 1-7 c.c. of 
r per cent NaCl solution. 
nN q obs. qcalc. 
° 100 100 
0.05 93 94 
0.1 87 88 
0.15 82 82 
0.2 in 76 
0.25 7° 7° 
0.3 63 64 
0.4 53 22 
0.5 42 40 
0.6 26 28 
0.7 17 16 
0.8 10.5 4 
I 2 ° 

Fic. 15. — Ancistrodonolysin-antilysin. Dog’s blood. 
the presence of toxoids in Ehrlich’s sense or of the strong dissociation in 
Arrhenius and Madsen, Kyes points out the importance of the presence of 
sufficient amount of activators (lecithin) in order to obtain the real expression 
of the reaction. With a defective supply of venom activator it would be 
natural to obtain a false result. Kyes proves his claim by a very interesting 
series of experiments in which the amount of activator was used in variable 
proportions. In the case of sufficient supply of activator he obtained a 
straight, and in the defective supply of activator a curved, neutralization line. 
1Kyes. Cobragift und Antitoxin. Berl. klin. Woch., 1904, XLI, 494. 
