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THE RAISED BEACH ON THE CUMBERLAND COAST 

 BETWEEN WHITEHAVEN AND BOWNESS. 



R. Russell, C.E., F.G.S., (Whitehaven,) and T. V. Holmes, F.G.S. 

 (Abstract.) 



The authors pointed out that an old sea beach could be traced, 

 almost continuously between Workington and Bowness, thus indicating 

 an elevation of the Cumberland coast corresponding to that which had 

 been shown by Mr. Milne Holme and others, to have occurred on the 

 Scotch coast. South of Workington the raised beach was not so well 

 defined, but sufficient traces of it remained to show that the elevation 

 had taken place along the whole coast. 



A typical example of this ancient sea beach occurred between 

 Workington and Flimby. From the shingle of the existing beach a broad 

 flat was seen to stretch away inland for about 40 chains, and terminated 

 at the base of the cliff, on which stands the ruins of the Burrow Walls. 

 Near the existing beach this flat is about 25ft. above the mean sea level, 

 but gradually rises to about 40ft. at the base of the inland cliff. When 

 looked at from above, the ground lying at the foot of this cliff presents 

 an apparently smooth and even surface, but a closer examination reveals 

 the existence of a number of ridges running parallel to the present coast 

 line and also nearly parallel to each other. These ridges consist of sand 

 and gravel, covered with occasional patches of blown sand, and give to 

 the surface that peculiar appearance which is so characteristic of shore 

 deposits. 



On the existing beach, especially that portion of it between the 

 highest spring, and the highest neap tides, similar ridges of shingle and 

 gravel are found at several different heights. Each of these gravel 



