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ridges indicates the height to which the tide rose on each of the 

 intermediate days between the two periods above mentioned. The 

 tendency of the tidal action is to throw up the highest ridge on the 

 inland side, because the shingle or gravel, accumulated on each occasion 

 when spring tides occur, is not so liable to be removed as are the ridges 

 thrown up at the heights to which the ordinary tides flow. There is a 

 very great similarity between the shape and mode of occurrence of these 

 gravel ridges, now being formed, and those which are found lying fiurther 

 inland, therefore, the authors conclude that the latter were formed by the 

 flow and ebb of the tides when the land stood at a lower elevation than 

 it does at present, and in a manner exactly similar to that in which the 

 former are now being deposited and arranged. 



South of Workington an alluvial plain extends from Workington 

 Harbour to the Moss Bay Iron and Steel Works, the mean height of 

 which above the sea level corresponds to that of the raised beach north 

 of the harbour. The raised beach can also be traced for a short distance 

 along the outside of the ridge at Chapel Hill ; indications of it remain at 

 Harrington ; and the village of Parton stands on a portion of it. A 

 considerable portion of the valley between Whitehaven and St. Bees is 

 also not more than 40ft. above the sea level. 



Northwards from Workington the raised beach stretches almost 

 continuously to Silloth. Between Silloth and Grune Point a gravel ridge 

 extends along the coast, on the east of which lies an extensive loamy 

 plain, dotted here and there with a few patches of clean sand and gravel, 

 the general level of the latter being some 4ft. or 5ft. below that of the 

 former. Crossing Moricambe Bay a similar ridge nms through 

 Cardumock and Herd Hill to a point just west of the Solway Viaduct, 

 and as on the southwest side of the bay, so here again the gravel ridge 

 slopes down to a mossy flat a few feet below it. 



The general elevation of the greater portion of the raised beach is 

 from 20ft. to 25ft., but it occasionally attains a height of 40ft. above the 

 mean sea level. As already pointed out, there is, north of Workington, 

 the old sea cliff, the base of which was washed by the tide when the land 

 stood 40ft. below its present level, but there is no distinctive cUff to mark 



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