n 



other may be seen from the high road on approaching VVythburn from 

 Keswick, quite on the summit of the Fell above the upper end of 

 Thirlmere, appearing as a rounded mass standing on a point in a top-like 

 manner. 



Over the fells south of Eskdale the well-perched boulders are perhaps 

 more numerous than in many other parts, but time will not permit of the 

 enumeration of a greater number of individual cases. 



SUMMARY OF LESSONS TO BE LEARNT FROM THE DISTRIBUTION OF 



BOULDERS. 



1. The boulder scattered country plainly tells the story of its recent 

 glaciation, and the evidence gained froai the study of the boulders is 

 strongly confirmed by the system of ice-grooving and scratching so patent 

 to the geological observer. We know of no other agency but that of ice 

 which could give rise to the phenomena in question. 



2. The distribution of the boulders tells us of ice acting in two ways : 

 as land-ice, transporting them in the same general directions as those 

 taken by the ice-groovings ; and as floating-ice, carrying them sometimes 

 against the general direction of the former land-ice and into positions into 

 which no glacier system could have brought them. 



Of this last fact it will be necessary to give a few examples. 



There are several boulders of ash upon the southern slope of 

 Lonscale Fell, just at and above the road-way, about 1200 feet above the 

 sea-level, and there is one on the fiofik side of the water shed between 

 the valley of the Glenderaterra and that of the Caldew, at a height of 

 1300 feet. Now it seems quite out of the question to suppose that /and- 

 ice from the Borrovvdale Mountains or Helvellyn range could ever have 

 intruded itself among the recesses of Skiddaw and Blencathra, for these 

 mountains would have supported large glaciers of their own and kept 

 other ice at arm's length, therefore these boulders must have been trans- 

 ported by floating ice, and the land must have been submerged to at 

 least a depth of 1300 feet. 



There are many other instances in which the present position of 



