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Indo-European. The same terms, under slightly different forms, 

 all of which are satisfactorily explained by what is known as 

 Grimm's Law, (expressing the idea of the numerals up to ten) exist 

 still in Sanscrit, Greek, Latin, Welsh, Old Sclavonic, modern 

 Russian, French, Spanish, Italian, Anglo-Saxon, German, Dutch, 

 Danish, Gothic, and English. Some of the personal pronouns are 

 common to all. The terms expressing relationship, as father, 

 mother, sister, brother; the names of some parts of the body, as 

 "tooth;" of some of the domesticated animals, as "cat," "mouse," 

 "goose;' of agricultural tools and agricultural operations; and of 

 two or three of the commonest metals and cereals, and various 

 other terms, are identical in most of them. Sanskrit and Pali are 

 the dead languages of India, and bear the same relationship to the 

 modern dialects of Hindostan as the Latin does to the modern 

 languages of Italy, Spain, and France. The Zend is a dead 

 language, and bears a similar relationship to modern Persian. 

 The same may be said of Old Sclavonic and modern Russian, &c.; 

 and what are known as Meso-Gothic and Anglo-Saxon, hold a 

 like relationship to modern German, Dutch, Danish, Norwegian, 

 and English. Philologists refer the whole of these languages to 

 one parent stock, to which they agree to apply the term "Aryan." 

 This Aryan language, they reason, from the internal evidence it 

 furnishes of itself, must have been the speech of a people leading 

 chiefly a pastoral kind of life, generally peaceable in their nature, 

 and subjected to bonds which knit men together in communities. 

 The country inhabited by this ancient race must have been in 

 Asia, probably to the north and north-west of Hindostan. They 

 must have separated, or at least sent off successive tides of 

 emigrants to overspread and occupy other lands, long before the 

 dawn of history : one branch turning southwards, and peopling 

 Hindostan; another moving westward, and peopling Persia; 

 others, by slow degrees undoubtedly, pressing on further west and 

 north-west, until further progress was finally debarred them by the 

 shores of the Mediterranean and the Atlantic. Judging by the oldest 

 European place-names, viz., those of mountain, river, plain, and 

 valley, they seem to have passed over Europe in two main streams, 



