44 
road, Carlisle would supersede Old Carlisle as the principal local 
place of military importance. 
This great military road was crossed at Kirkby Thore, by 
another, which left the Roman Road between Manchester and 
Kendal, at a point in Lancashire, and ran north by Alston, and Bew- 
castle. It is known as the Maiden Way, zc. Mai-dun—the great 
ridge, having been raised two or three feet above the adjacent 
ground. 
In addition to these four roads, viz. the coast road, the road 
from Chester to Old Carlisle, the road from York to Carlisle, and 
the Maiden Way, a perfect mesh of roads covered the district, and 
for these roads I must refer you to my paper in the Transactions 
of the Cumberland and Westmorland Archzological and Anti- 
quarian Society.* 
To give to the Roman stations in Cumberland their ancient 
names, is a puzzle which has foiled the most eminent of antiquaries. 
All we can say, with certainty, is that Old Penrith is Voreda, 
Carlisle is Luguvallum, Ellenborough is Axelodunum, Papcastle is 
Aballaba, and Moresby may be Congavata, or Gabrosentis. 
Of the history of these stations we know very little : inscribed 
stones have preserved to us a few names, have proved that the 
garrisons had their wives and families with them; that they had 
their amphitheatres, their baths, and some degree of luxury and 
culture. The spade tells us that most of these stations have been ~ 
burnt and rebuilt more than once; that in the waning of the 
Roman power the garrisons were reduced, the camps contracted, 
and their gates built up to enable the thinned defenders still to 
make head against their foes. 
But the Roman went at last, after ruling here for some three 
hundred and fifty years ; just about three times as long as we have 
ruled in India. 
Firm as was the Roman hold on Britain, it has left behind it 
little but the names of its towns, and of its camps; the traces of its 
magnificent and well planned roads, and the debris of its luxuries 
and of its wants. 
* Vol, III. p. 64. 
