46 
but it seems likely that the auxiliary troops, long stationary in the 
same localities, often in the same forts, ultimately remained among 
a people with whom they must have to a great extent become 
amalgamated. Long as these foreign mercenaries remained here, 
I cannot say that ethnologists can trace any influence made by 
them on the modern Cumberland peasant,—a fact due rather to 
long lapse of time, than to any excessive morality inculcated on 
Roman troops. 
Whatever became of these troops, they were but of little 
effect against the invasions of the Picts and the Scots, the latter of 
whom harried the ex-Roman province, as well from their old seats 
in Ireland, as from their new seats in Galloway, and the west of 
Scotland. A still more formidable race of pirates infested the 
eastern and southern shores of Britain, known to the Roman as 
Saxons, and whose depredations had long ere now compelled the 
Romans to appoint a Warden (or Comes) of the March or shore 
exposed to the Saxon attack. These pirates were the English, a 
name which included three Teutonic tribes dwelling in what we 
know as Sleswick, namely the Jutes, to the north of the present 
Jutland ; the Angles, or English proper, just below them ; and the 
Saxons, on the Elbe,—the latter the best known to the Romans, 
who included all three under that name; while the three leagued 
tribes bore among themselves the name of Englishmen,—a name 
unknown to the Romans, but destined to be as famous and as 
glorious as ever was the name of Roman! 
These English invaders bestowed the name of Weelas, or 
Welsh, that is, strangers, upon the people whom they found in 
Britain. You will understand that I shall use the names 
“Britons” and “Welsh” for the rest of this evening as meaning 
the same people. 
The English Conquest of Britain commenced about forty 
years after the departure of the Romans. The Romanised Britons, 
left to themselves, and unable to protect themselves against the 
Picts and Scots, hired a parcel of English adventurers from 
Jutland, under Hengist and Horsa, who, in A.D. 449, established 
themselves in the Isle of Thanet. 
