56 
to them by the original population, and Skiddaw and Helvellyn 
now rise as the sepulchral monuments of a race which has passed 
away. 
My next task—I will be brief—is to shew how from the 
kingdom of Cumbria, the southern portion, the lordship of Carlisle 
was cut off; but first I must mention a very important and 
authentic document, which sets forth the exact limits of the 
kingdom of Cumbria previous to the dismemberment. 
When Edward I. put forth his claims to a paramount 
superiority over the realm of Scotland, based on the Commend- 
ation of 925, he directed the various religious houses throughout 
the kingdom to furnish him with all the information in their 
possession, historical or documentary, bearing on the ancient 
relations between England and Scotland. Amongst the returns 
from the monastery of Carlisle is the following important statement 
as to the boundaries of Cumbria, at the period in question :— 
“That district was called Cumbria which is now included in the 
bishoprics of Carlisle, Glasgow, and Whitherne, together with the 
country between the bishopric of Carlisle and the river Duddon.” 
I need not remind you the bishopric of Carlisle, as it stood 
prior to the death of Bishop Percy, in 1856, is meant—and also 
that it includes part of what is now Westmorland. 
About the middle of the 1oth century, the English had put 
an end to the kingdom of Northumberland, and entrusted its 
government to a series of Earls, of whom Siward is the best 
known. Siward was appointed by Edward the Confessor, and he 
defeated and slew Macbeth, king of Scotland, the murderer of 
Duncan, king of Scotland. Malcolm, son of the murdered 
monarch, was king of Cumbria. Either this Malcolm, or 
his son of the same name, was placed by Siward on the 
throne of Scotland, and as Malcolm Caenmore long retained 
both Cumbria and Strathclyde in his hands. During his 
reign, however, the district of Carlisle, that is all the Cumbrian 
territory south of the Solway (which you will not forget includes a 
great piece of Westmorland) was severed from the rest of Mal. 
colm’s dominions. The date of this is uncertain, but it would 
