od 
of 
appear to be 1070, in which year, as we learn from Simon of 
Durham, Gospatric, Earl of Northumberland, over-ran that district, 
in revenge for the devastation of Teesdale by the Scots. His son 
Dolphin, was put in possession of the territory thus wrenched 
from Malcolm’s dominions, from Cumbria. 
The next authentic information we have from the Saxon 
Chronicle, under date A.D. 1092:—“The King, (é¢ William 
Rufus) went northwards with a large army to Carlisle, where he 
repaired the City, built the Castle, and drove out Dolphin, who 
had previously governed the Country, and having placed a garrison 
in the Castle, he returned south, and sent a great number of 
English husbandmen thither with horses and cattle, that they might 
settle there and cultivate the lands.” 
Thus the present boundaries between England and Scotland 
were established, and the district whose history we are dealing 
with to-night became for the first time part of the English kingdom, 
and England assumed her present geographical limits. 
William Rufus retained the district round Carlisle in his 
own hands, but in the time of his successor, Henry I., we find 
Ranulph de Meschines in possession of it as the Earl of Carlisle, 
or Carleolum. Ranulph de Meschines married Lucia, the daughter 
of Ivo Tailboise, and widow of Roger de Romara. Through her 
father Lucia was seized of the great possessions known as Amoun- 
derness, which included the Barony of Kendal, the S.W. corner of 
what is now Cumberland, all Lancashire north of the Ribble, and 
the wapentake of Ewcross, in Yorkshire. 
This magnificent property Ranulph de Meschines, by his 
marriage with Lucia de Romara, added to his Earldom of Carlisle, 
as well as estates in Lincolnshire, which don’t concern us. This 
was much to the detriment of William de Romara, son of Lucia 
by her first husband. ° 
In the year 1118, Richard, Earl of Chester, perished in the 
White Ship with the unlucky Prince William, the only son of 
Henry I., and his possessions and Earldom fell to the Crown. 
Ranulph de Meschines became Earl of Chester, and exchanged 
his northern possessions, as well those of the Earldom of Carlisle, 
