ede te ed eee 
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Debateable Land. He exerted himself, accordingly, to introduce 
greater security of life and property. We are told how the Border 
churches, many, no doubt, in ruins and decay, were restored. 
Stringent laws were enacted, and officers appointed for the settling 
of disputes. The use of horses and arms, save to those unsuspected 
of felony and theft, was interdicted. Trained bloodhounds 
were to be kept in the various Border parishes, for the pursuit 
of depredators: and when arrested, ‘“Jeddart Justice,”—a 
phrase which comes to us from the period—was the order of 
the day. No one was more active in putting in force the law 
against the mosstroopers than Lord William Howard, or 
Belted Will. He seems to have been a student, as ‘well as, 
or perhaps more than a soldier. On one occasion when he was 
occupied with an interesting book, a prisoner was brought in: he 
was asked what was to be done with him. ‘Hang him!” was the 
reply. Shortly after, he asked that he should be brought in for 
examination, and found his hasty order had been carried out. 
The story is told in Hutchinson, but accords rather with the 
character that popular tradition has assigned to ‘“‘ Bauld Willie,” than 
that, which more recent inquiries have shown to be the true one. 
Some families proved so troublesome, that nothing short of exter- 
mination promised success. They were to be stamped out. 
Among these we find the Grahams, who seem to have made 
themselves unusually notorious, and to have been regarded as 
pests for whom there was no cure but one—exportation. A con- 
siderable number of them were accordingly transported to Ireland, 
along with some other families, “because,” the king’s order runs, 
“they do all, but especially the Grames, confess themselves to be 
no meet persons to live in these countries, and also to the intent 
their lands may be inhabited by others of good and honest conver- 
sation.” Let us be glad that a few “very respectable” families of 
the name were found worthy to remain to reckon among their 
posterity your own neighbour, one of the crowning glories of 
Cumberland—the great statesman who was at his death the 
member for Carlisle. The Bill for the exportation of the Grahams 
was paid by a tax levied on the different parishes—a tax to which 
