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later: this glazing is all cleared away. Then, as to the fabric of 
the building itself, a second aisle will be thrown out; or the nave 
lengthened by one or two bays, so as to swallow up the old 
chancel, and a wholly new chancel will be added. This new work 
will be added in Early English, Middle Pointed, or Decorated, 
with ‘characteristic’ features designed by the architect in accord- 
ance, more or less, with some portion of the old building which he 
takes for his clue; but very seldom in Perpendicular, which is 
understood to have been but a debased development, of the Gothic 
style. [Perhaps I might mention to those not intimately acquainted 
with these things, that Perpendicular Gothic was the architecture 
of the Gothic order which prevailed in this country during the 15th 
and the latter part of the 14th century.] As, however, the Perpen- 
dicular period was one of the most active in English architecture, 
many portions of the building are sure to date from it; the flat- 
pitched roof, succeeding an earlier steep-gabled one—the east 
window, most likely—the clerestory openings, it may be—one or 
both aisles, or at any rate most of their window tracery ; and to all 
these portions small tenderness will be shown. The flat roof is 
altogether removed, and a new steep roof, groined and ribbed or 
barrel-vaulted, is substituted, a new “opentimbered roof” of 
stained deal, usually as paltry in design as in material ; the Perpen- 
dicular tracery in the openings, on the least excuse of decay or 
even without it, is replaced by new geometrical tracery. Externally, 
the walls, if they have been plastered, are stripped of their plaster, 
the stonework or brickwork is scraped and repointed, the coigns 
renewed, a porch, very likely, of quaint local design is removed, a 
pretty wooden belfry with a quaint weathercock, is replaced by 
one of the Gothic design ; the whole outside is made to look trim, 
complete, uniform, ‘correct.’ Internally, a similar stripping and 
scraping goes on; coats of whitewash, layers of lath and plaster, 
are removed, in order that the stone or brickwork may be exposed 
and repointed. In the process, fragments of overlaid features, of 
primitive and succeeding dates, come to light ; if any one of these 
features work into the new plan, an imitation of the whole feature 
is set up, with the fragment incorporated in the imitation, in the 
