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185 
THE BUTTERFLIES OF THE. DISTRICT. 
By GEORGE DAWSON. 
(Read at Carlisle. ) 
We have in this locality as great a variety of Butterflies as 
exists in any part of England. I have taken thirty different 
species—some of the rarest that the British list contains—and I 
will speak of them in their order as arranged in the list of the late 
Mr. H. Doubleday, giving the locality where found, and the time 
of their appearance. 
Leucophasia Sinapis (Wood White).—Taken in a wood (since 
cut down) at Orton, about the middle of May. 
Pieris Brassicae (Large White), Pieris Rapae (Small White), 
Pieris Napi (Green Veined White).—All these three species are 
very common. The White butterfly is to be found from the end 
of April to the end of September, and each species has two broods. 
These butterflies are great pests in the garden, eating freely 
cabbages, lettuces, and other vegetables. 
Anthocaris Cardamines (Orange Tip).—Another early butter- 
fly; common everywhere from April to the end of June. The 
male alone has the bright orange tip to the upper wing. The 
under wings of both male and female are beautiful, being marked 
with green below. The larva feeds on the Hedge Garlic. 
Lehodocera Rhamni (Brimstone).—This species is plentiful in 
the south of England, but almost unknown here. I took one 
specimen in the lane leading from the low Wigton road to Little 
Orton ; it was much worn, but I sent it (alive) to Mr. E. Newman, 
who stated that it was the first he had heard of from Cumberland. 
Colias Edusa (Clouded Yellow).—This beautiful species is very 
plentiful in some seasons, and in others scarce to be found. In 
