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must have gone up the valley, that is, in a direction from the low 
ground fringing the sea shore, towards the hill tops, whilst at the 
same time they occur in true till or Boulder Clay. These facts 
place us on the threshold of a most interesting discussion, but 
time will not allow us to enter. Mr. James Geike, in his “Great 
Ice Age,” has put forward an explanation of the till or lower 
boulder clay, which I think he would find difficult to reconcile 
with these facts; indeed, I am strongly of opinion that they 
disprove his explanation altogether. 
A fact of considerable importance in connection with the 
boulders of every kind hitherto mentioned is, that they occur 
indiscriminately in the Upper and Lower Boulder Clays, in the 
middle sands and gravels, and on the surface. 
Another somewhat curious fact in connection with the subject 
may be mentioned, and then I have done. On the Watershed 
between the head of Uldale and Ennerdale, just opposite Enner- 
dale Bridge, and not far from Cockhow, about seven hundred 
feet above the level of the sea, there is an immense accumulation 
of gravel, consisting of Whitehaven- and St. Bees Sandstones, 
Carboniferous Limestone, Syenite, Lavas and Ashes, Skiddaw 
Slates, and several Coal Measure rocks. The underlying strata 
are Skiddaw Slate, and there is no Carboniferous Limestone, 
St. Bees or Whitehaven Sandstone, or in fact any other Coal 
Measure rock within two or three miles, and there is none at the 
same or a higher level within five miles, that is, on Dean Moor, 
between which place and the gravel deposit under consideration, 
ground several hundred feet lower intervenes. But the most 
remarkable thing is, that although this gravel has been carried up 
to such a height, and deposited on the hill top, none of it seems 
to have gone over the watershed into Uldale. I examined the 
upper part of that valley most carefully, but only found a single 
piece of St. Bees Sandstone, and that was so small, and lying in 
such a position, that I prefer to leave it out of consideration, as it 
might very possibly have been conveyed there by human agency. 
What makes the absence from Uldale of rocks such as St. Bees- 
and Whitehaven Sandstones still more noticeable is, that there are 
