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beginning, to make up for the want of perspiration; then the 
barber was to return in three hours and repeat the treatment, and 
next day he was to begin afresh. It is an error,” said Sangrado, 
“to believe that blood is necessary for the preservation of life. It 
is impossible to overbleed a sick person. As he is not obliged to 
move or to take any considerable exercise, and has nothing to do 
only not to die, he requires no more blood than a sleeping man— 
life in both only consisting in the pulse: and the breathing.” 
Le Sage was writing a century later than Chaloner’s time. 
There were many reasons why Chaloner’s residence in Spain 
should be most trying apart from the climate of the country and 
the consequent differences in modes of living which harassed 
him so severely. England was, in a hesitating way, aiming to be 
the head of the Protestant powers, though the vacillating Queen 
ever avoided committing herself to that position. Spain, on the 
contrary, was the stronghold of Ecclesiastical Conservatism. But 
what most of all led to the bitter feeling on the part of Spaniards 
against Englishmen was the conduct of our sailors, who, when 
they came upon a Spanish vessel in such a situation that she 
appeared to be at their mercy, rarely let slip the opportunity for 
plunder ; and this again arose from the jealousy and monopolising 
action of Spain. Wearied and worn in June, 1564, he wrote to a 
friend in the midst of his trouble, ‘‘ whether this alone is not to a 
free mind an importable burden, two years and three quarters to 
bear my cross in Spain, a place and nation of all others misliked 
save themselves, driven here not only to forbear, but patiently, like 
an ass, to lay down mine ears at things of too much indignity.” 
His health failed at last between the climate, the garlic, and the 
public worries. “Surely I have had great wrong,” he says in a 
letter to Sir Ambrose Cave, “but it is the old wont of our Court 
never to think upon the training of a new servant till the old be 
worn to the stump. It is each man’s part to serve their prince, 
but there is a just distributing if subjects durst plead with kings. 
I have not much more to hope, having twenty years served four 
kings, now further from wealth or that staff of age which youth 
doth travail for than I was eighteen years agone. Methinks I 
