val 
contour line, I may add that I believe they mark the extent of 
the submergence of the country at the close of the glacial period, 
and were probably formed during the emergence. 
The peat-mosses in some respects form a connecting link between 
the higher, or undulating, ground and the lower, or estuarine and 
river terraces and flats, both on account of ‘their occurrence at . 
various levels, and the low dome shape they assume. This dome 
shape is best seen at Scaleby ‘Moss, but is very obvious at Solway 
and other large mosses. Among the peat-mosses on levels higher 
than those of the great flats may be mentioned Bolton Fell, near 
Hethersgill, Scaleby, Solway, and Oulton Mosses. These all lie 
in hollows on the earthy gravel. Those on a lower level, such as 
Wedholme Flow, Drumburgh Moss, those between Abbey Town 
and Allonby, and that which under various names lies between 
Glasson and Cardurnock, appear to rise directly from the loamy 
flats around them, and to be simply peat-covered portions of those 
flats. 
With regard to these low-lying mosses, the evidence seems to me 
to point towards their greater extension formerly. For some distance 
outside the area which can fairly be mapped as peat, the surface 
of the loamy flats is covered more or less by peaty soil, and it is, 
as will shortly be seen, probable that the present separation of 
Bowness and Drumburgh Mosses from Wedholme Flow is due to 
the denuding influence of the Wampool. The mosses north and 
north-east of Allonby--Salta and Brunshaw Mosses, with those 
drained by Holme Dub and Black Dub—have also suffered much 
from denudation. ‘This is shown by the amount of peaty soil still 
remaining on the border of the great loamy flat towards Pelutho 
and Highlaws, and on that drained by Holme Dub about Brom- 
field and Kelsick. 
Midway between Solway Moss and the Esk due south of it, is 
a small compact mass of peat, while to the north of this mass is a 
considerable area showing more or less peaty soil. The Caledonian 
Railway runs across the western edge of the peat. This is, I 
suppose, the only remnant of the great overflow of Solway Moss 
in 1771, which covered five hundred acres of the broad alluvial 
