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joined the Caldew south of Carlisle instead of north, as at present. 
~ As regards the Caldew, there probably occurred a much more 
fundamental change of channel, at a time when Pow Beck must 
have represented it between the localities now known as Dalston 
and Carlisle. The church and most of the village of Dalston 
stand on a terrace of river gravel, the bank bounding which rises 
five or six feet above the present alluvium of the Caldew. The 
gravel forming this terrace may be seen in the pit on the north side 
of Dalston railway station. If we walk along the gravel flat in a 
westerly direction, we find it undrained by any stream east of Gill 
Beck, which enters it about three-quarters of a mile west of the 
bank bounding the terrace at Dalston. Gill Beck, however, flows 
westward, and is one of the streams which make up the Wampool, 
which flows past Kirkbride into Moricambe Bay. ‘The gravel 
terrace is therefore at Dalston the only water-parting between the 
basins of the Caldew and Wampool, though the flat between Gill 
Beck and the bank at Dalston seems perfectly continuous with 
that through which Gill Beck flows. It is therefore almost certain 
that at one time the Caldew flowed westward at (what is now) 
Dalston, in the course now taken by the Wampool. Again, north 
of Wigton, the road to Oulton crosses a streamless alluvial flat, 
which is continuous with that of the Wampool on the east, and of 
the Waver on the west. A little eastward of the road the Wiza 
flows to the Wampool, while, a little westward, a stream from 
Oulton flows towards the Waver. It is therefore probable that the 
Wampool may once have taken its course south of Wedholme 
Flow and joined the Waver there, its valley between Parton and 
Kirkbride being occupied by what now are but its tributaries. 
While, further westward still, the Waver once ran along the peaty 
flat now drained by Holme Dub and Black Dub and entered the 
sea at Allonby. 
But if the Wampool once ran south of Wedholme Flow, that 
moss may then have been parted from those of Bowness and 
Drumburgh by but the breadth of a stream such as Holme Dub. 
The separation of the great Bowness moss from that of Drumburgh 
probably occurred when the Wampool, instead of turning westward 
