3 
have lately been shewn to pass beneath saliferous marls, as they 
do west of Carlisle. 
In regard to the general stratigraphical relations of the New Red 
Series in the North-west of England, the following points may be 
conveniently noticed at this stage:—Their highest zones occur 
immediately below the Lias (or the Rheetics, if present at all); their 
lowest beds, which may be on any horizon within the series, lie 
indifferently upon the highest, the lowest, or any intermediate 
member of the Paleozoic rocks ; from which they are, therefore, 
separated by a vast unconformity; while within the New Red 
Series itself there locally occurs a Magnesian Limestone Series, 
more than a hundred and fifty feet in thickness where it is most 
fully developed, as it is in eastern Westmorland. Part of the Mag- 
nesian Limestone Series includes some fossiliferous strata (the 
Helton Plant Beds), whose fossils and whose lithological characters 
both warrant us in correlating these Plant Beds and their associated 
Magnesian Limestone with the Magnesian Limestone and the 
Marl Slate of Durham; and, therefore, with the Zechstein of 
Germany. Some other evidence bearing upon the age of the 
uppermost beds of the New Red Series willbe given further on. 
But, upon these points so far noted, geologists are unanimously 
agreed :—the highest beds belong to the Trias or Upper New Red; 
the fossiliferous zones, locally present lower down, are on the 
horizon of the Magnesian Limestone; while the basement beds 
of the Series (which may belong to any horizon) lie upon the 
upturned ends of the older rocks, and are separated from even the 
highest of the Coal Measures (such as those remaining at Argill,* 
at the foot of Stainmoor) by an hiatus of enormous extent. 
In the present paper the whole of the British Red Rocks are 
treated as one geological series, and, in accordance with that view, 
the following generalized table based upon the chief sections yet 
known, has been drawn up. The numbers employed correspond 
to those used in the table of sections given on pl. 2, and are used 
merely for convenience of reference here, and are not, of course, 
proposed as substitutes for names already in use. 
* ©€On the Former Extension of Coal Measures over Edenside.” J.G.G.— 
Transactions Cumberland and Westmorland Association, 
