a Oe ee a  ——— ee eee 
13 
subsequent to deposition. The phenomena are perhaps not quite 
of such a nature as would justify one in regarding as an uncon- 
formity. But there cannot be any doubt that we have in this a 
clear case of the kind of erosion that might be expected to result 
from an abrupt change of physical conditions, such as that denoted 
by the difference of character between the Magnesian Limestone 
Series and the Bunter Marls above. It has already been remarked 
that the discordancy between the Bunter Marls and the older 
strata is by no means confined to the neighbourhood of the River 
Eden and the district adjoining, but is equally well marked in the 
Whitehaven district, and elsewhere. 
The evidence does not end with this. At the base of the 
Bunter Marls at several places in the basin of the Eden there 
occurs a band of conglomerate containing pebbles of quartz and 
quartzite, and, occasionally, fragments of brockram. This may 
not mean very much; but taken in conjunction with the evidence 
of erosion just referred to, it indicates the horizon on which the 
line we are seeking is most likely to be found. 
Mr. Howell has shown pretty conclusively that, in the north-east 
of England there is much the same kind of evidence of discordance 
between the saliferous marls (which there occupy the same relative 
position as the gypsiferous Bunter Marls of Cumberland) and the 
Magnesian Limestone (see the section on pl. 2) as there is in the 
district under notice. We may therefore conclude that these 
conditions changed simultaneously over a large area, and we are 
consequently fully justified in reckoning the evidence afforded by 
the results as of some value in the present connection. 
If then, we really must continue to draw a hard line on any 
horizon through the New Red Series, the position of that line in 
Cumberland and Westmorland ought no longer to be a matter of 
doubt. There is a continuous downward succession from the 
Keuper Marls through the St. Bees Sandstone to the base of the 
Bunter Marls beneath. There is a continuous upward succession 
from the base of the lowest Brockram to the highest remaining 
beds of the Magnesian Limestone Series. On the other hand, the 
