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ri. Upper Brockram; breccias of angular fragments of 
carboniferous rocks (occasionally glaciated) ; in which 
the limestone fragments are converted into a more or 
less ferruginous dolomite, or even into hzematite, while 
the sandstones and quartzites are stained liver-coloured 
or dull red. 
ri Penrith Sandstone as 1‘v- but much more false-bedded, 
and usually coarser grained (unfossiliferous). 
1 Lower Brockram, as 1: 
The maximum thickness near Appleby may be 1500 
but its extreme variability and the excessive false-bedding 
render any exact estimate almost impossible, 
The Lower New Red at Kirkby Stephen consists almost entirely 
of Brockram, and that but of small thickness; but as the beds trend 
north-westward they thicken considerably, and become more and 
more interwoven with red sandstones. North-west of Appleby the 
brockrams give place to the almost-undivided mass of Penrith 
Sandstone, which, at Penrith, is about a thousand feet in thickness. 
At several places still further north, and again at St. Bees, and 
generally at S.W. Cumberland, the Lower New Red is again very 
feebly represented or is absent entirely. 
On pl. 2 the correlation of these strata with others in different 
parts of England is shewn. The sections are drawn on a uniform 
scale, with the base of the Keuper Marls as a datum; and the 
subdivisions throughout are denoted by the same figures. 
