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in its downward passage until it meets with the plane of saturation 
already described in the general remarks just made. The exact 
form and position of this plane of saturation are as yet only a 
matter of conjecture, as I do not know of a single well that is 
sunk in the rock itself, from one end of its outcrop to the other. 
But that the rock is saturated with water, is sufficiently evidenced 
by the fact that, along the line where the overlying impervious 
beds come on, springs burst forth in many places, some of them 
in the bed of the Eden itself, but others along its western bank, as 
at Edenhall, and elsewhere. What happens here is that the plane 
of underground saturation of the Penrith Sandstone actually cuts 
the surface, and this could only be the case. if the hill slopes 
enclosed an interior hill of water. 
As regards the quality of the water within the hill, I need hardly 
do more than refer to the fact that the New Red Sandstone, 
of which the Penrith Sandstone forms one member, has been 
universally regarded as one of the very best repositories of under- 
ground water known; and as such it figures most prominently in 
all the rocks whose water-bearing properties are treated of in the 
Reports of the Royal Commission on Water Supply, in the Reports 
on Water Supply issued for years past by the British Association, 
and in every book without exception, which deals with questions 
of water supply in general. Possibly a little calcareous matter 
might render the water derived from its lower part somewhat hard ; 
but the middle and the upper part of the Penrith Sandstone are 
free from any rock material of that kind, and may confidently be 
expected to yield water of the finest quality obtainable. 
In regard to quantity, I should say that on the lower slopes of 
the Penrith Sandstone on the west bank of the Eden, the supply 
would prove practically inexhaustible at almost any spot, and the 
water would rise in any well sunk there to a level not many feet 
below the surface. On the Penrith side of the hills the chances 
would be not quite so good ; but even there it is a mere question 
of going deep enough. 
At the Penrith waterworks at Eamont Bridge, all the necessary 
conditions for a copious supply of good water are present, as the 
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