21 



In conclusion, Dr. Duncan suggests that the wmvi 

 " Tertiary " should only be used relatively in Australian 

 geology, but all above the carbonaceous sandstones should 

 bo called Cainozoic ; but this, I presume, is for Victoria and 

 South Australia, as there is a full series of intermediate 

 Mesozoic rocks in Queensland, and probably Western Aus- 

 tralia. He would refer all below the Mount Gambler lime- 

 stones to Lower Cainozoic. That deposit he would call 

 Middle Cainozoic, and all above Upper Cainozoic. The Table 

 Cape beds should therefore be called Lower Cainozoic. He 

 says that the tertiaries of New Zealand should be studied in 

 relation to those of Australia, and he regards the poly zoic 

 limestones of the North Island as the equivalents of the 

 Mount Gambler Middle Cainozoic. " At pi-esent," he says, 

 " all that can be arrived at, concerning the relative position of 

 the Australian tertiaries, is that they were formed on a sea 

 bottom of the oldest rocks in increasingly deep water, during 

 a pei-iod when the denudation of the neighbouring coast line 

 to the east and north-east was rapid. They were very distinct 

 from the reef area of the period, and the physical conditions 

 of such an area were never present during the deposition of 

 these beds, which have a facies charactei'istic of all the Euro- 

 pean marine tertiary deposits above the nummulitic. They 

 were subjected to frequent volcanic outbursts, which covered 

 large areas with basalt and ash, and they were covered after 

 the general upheaval of the centre of Australia with lacustrine, 

 dune, river and torrent deposits, whose depth testifies to the 

 enormous denudation of the older rocks. The condition of 

 the Jiigh land on the extreme east and ivest of Australia was 

 'prohahly that of dri/ land during the lohole Cainozoic period, 

 and these districts probably bounded the tertiary sea." 



The italics are my own, as I wish to indicate those con- 

 clusions which are borne out by all that Australian geology 

 has taught me in many years' investigations. 



DIAGNOSIS OF NEW SPECIES. 



Fossils from Table Cape. 



(Note all measurements in French millimetres.) 



Terebra Simplex, n.s. T. testa fusiformi-tiirrita, acuminata, 



striis numerosis, Jlexuosis, tenuihus, transversalihus : anfractihus 



j)lanulatis superne, sutura vice impressa; apertura angustata; 



columella contorta, recurva, hasi emarqinata, lahro angusto. 



Anf 13. Long 50 mil. Lat 11 mil. T. shell terete, smooth, 

 without grooves, finely wrinkled, with undulating transverse 



and the rest of the globe, and the most marked characteristics of the flora 

 are concentrated at that point, which is geographically most remote from any 

 other portion of the globe. — Flora of Tasmania. The Introd. : xxxiii. 



