SOUTH-CENTRAL AFRICAN COLLECTION 75 
camp some four miles further up the River that night. On my way 
to this camp I collected many stone implements. 
“We reached Lialui late in the afternoon of ‘Thursday, August 28, 
having been one month in covering the 500 miles from Victoria Falls. 
During my stay at Lialui from August 28 to September 22, I was with 
the king daily and by his influence secured many fine specimens.” 
All the collections made by Mr. Douglas are now in the Museum. 
He has lived in South Africa for about twenty years and is not only 
familiar with the natives but also able to speak some of their languages. 
With the collection are numerous notes and other information of con- 
siderable ethnological value. ‘The larger part of the collection is from 
Barotseland. 
The Barotse kingdom extends from the vicinity of Victoria Falls 
on the Zambezi to the Congo Free State and eastward to the land of 
the Bashukulombwe, one of the recent conquests of the present king. 
It is now in control of King Lewanika under the protection of the British 
Government. While the Barotse are evidently a part of the great 
Bechuana group, their real relationship is not well known. ‘They appear 
to be closely related to the Zulu, but they are generally looked upon by 
other Bechuana people as being the oldest original stem, from which 
the others sprang. However this may be, they are in many respects 
the strongest and most powerful group in Africa. ‘Their history is 
exceedingly interesting and suggestive, one incident of which may be 
mentioned here. About 1835 the chief of Makalolo, a branch of the 
Basuto, extended his empire to the borders of the Barotse, made war 
upon them and soon brought them under his control. ‘These foreign 
kings ruled until 1879, when the Barotse revolted and massacred all the 
Makalolo they could find. During their subjection, however, the 
Barotse had learned the Makalolo language, and that is still the official 
tongue. ‘Thus we have the people of a kingdom speaking a foreign lan- 
guage to the exclusion of the native tongue, the whole change having 
taken place within a period of forty-four years. Since in other respects 
the history of the Barotse is similar to that of other native African 
tribes, the suggestion is that many times in the past peoples may have 
changed their language and customs in an equally rapid manner. 
The greater part of the Bantu people in South and East Central 
Africa, support themselves by cattle raising, while the other Bantu 
tribes occupying the north and west portions of Africa support them- 
