20 AMERICAN MUSEUM GUIDE LEAFLETS 
ders. Some jars show the manner of catching fish by means of hook 
and line, while others portray men and women carrying water jars and 
other burdens by means of a strap passing around the forehead. Here 
we see a man with his favorite bird, evidently of the parrot family, 
perched upon his shoulder; there a dance in progress, with several of 
the figures playing upon musical instruments. 
These potters were very fond of moulding their clay into animal 
forms, and they have left us more or less truthful representations of 
many of the species familiar to them. ‘Their favorite models appear to 
, have been the puma, jaguar, monkey, llama, Guinea-pig, 
Animal : ; 
apietes lizards, birds of the parrot family, the king vulture and a 
number of shells and vegetable forms. A complete list would 
include most of the animal and many of the vegetable forms of Peru. 
Everywhere, except in the most elevated parts of the country, maize 
was not only the staple food of the people, but also was the source of 
their favorite intoxicating beverage,—: chicha; hence it was but natural 
that they should so often represent the grain on their vessels. ‘This 
was very simply and perfectly accomplished. A mould was 
Chicha , eee . 
made from an ear of corn and dried in the sun or fired. Into 
this clay was pressed: which on being removed would be a facsimile of 
the ear. ‘This was joined to the jar while both were still in a plastic 
condition, after which the whole was fired and polished. A corn jar 
is represented in the illustration on page 17. 
Although this guide relates chiefly to burials, it may not be out of 
place to call attention to some peculiarities of Peruvian skulls. ‘The 
skulls of all races are of great scientific value, but those of Peru are of 
particular interest, because many of them bear the marks of surgical or 
sacrificial operations. ‘lhe Museum collection of Peruvian 
Trephined 
skulls is so extensive that only a representative series is on 
skulls ‘ 
exhibition. This contains many examples showing  tre- 
phining, artificial deformation and pathological conditions, together 
with several normal Peruvian skulls for purposes of comparison. 
In Peru, where stones from slings and wooden clubs with heads of 
stone and copper were the common offensive weapons, complex fractures 
of the skull with depression of its bony plates must have been common. 
There seems no reason to doubt that trephining was resorted to as a 
means of relief in such fractures, and that sometimes cures were effected 
by this treatment. It is also probable that the operation in many 
