72 
19th, a few; 22nd, many hundreds; 24th, many great flights 
25th, many flights. (Zool. ib., p. 267.) But the record should be 
read of course 2 extenso. It is only here quoted, because it bears 
out the writer’s belief that the ‘‘rush” reached English shores during 
the last week in May, and that birds, seen in the north-west of 
England before the 22nd, were only thepioneers of the hordes that 
were to follow immediately after. 
CENSUS OF NUMBERS. 
This is difficult to estimate with accuracy. Certainly the same 
frocks have been seen many times by different observers. Assuming 
that the birds seen in East Cumberland were afterwards observed 
on the Solway, and that the Allonby birds returned to Wolstey, we 
should be forced to admit that at least forty birds visited Allonby, 
and thirty others frequented Skinburness, giving at least a total of 
seventy birds. Granting that the Thursby and Orton birds belonged 
to the same flock, we have to admit the presence of at least twelve 
birds. The contingent of twenty-three at Ravenglass may have 
gathered up the Seascale birds, and those of Sandwith ; on this 
assumption we should have to account for twenty-five birds. Thus, 
a severe estimate would assure us that one hundred and seven 
birds visited Cumberland, and this excludes the birds which crossed 
to us from Scotland, on the consideration that they had probably 
crossed previously to Scotland from the English Solway. It may 
therefore be said with certainty that the number that visited Cum- 
berland between May and August slightly exceeded one hundred 
birds, on a very low estimate. It is not unlikely that the Raven- 
glass birds had previously visited Walney, where Mr. Duckworth’s 
numbers amounted to fifty-seven on June 11th. 
MORTALITY OF SAND-GROUSE. 
At Thursby, three were shot. At Silloth, four were shot, and 
another (perhaps a sitting bird,) killed bya dog. At Seascale, two 
were shot. At Allonby, twelve were shot or winged, giving a 
(corrected) total of twenty-two killed in Cumberland prior to 
June roth, since which date none are known to have been killed, 
