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of the teaching of Columba and his monks, and those who still 
adhered to the old Druidic and native worship. Rydderch Hael 
was the leader of the former, Gwendolen of the latter, whose name 
is said to be preserved for us in Carwinley—Caer-Gwendolen—the 
fort or strong place of Gwendolen. The battle was won by the 
Christian party, and led to the return of Kentigern, the great 
missionary Bishop of the Border, whose activity and success is 
attested by the many churches which are dedicated to his name. 
Your own is not one of them, though the antiquity of its foundation 
is proved by its dedication to St. Michael, who was a favourite 
saint with the early British churches in the seventh and eighth 
centuries. The advowson of Arthuret was given at a later date by 
Turgis de Russdale, who was lord of the barony of Lyddale in the 
twelfth century, and had his seat at the mote of Lyddale, of which 
Chancellor Ferguson gave so’excellent an account on a recent 
occasion—and which is one of the most interesting of your ancient 
monuments—to the Abbot and Convent of Jedworth, with which it 
may have previously been connected. We have an account in the 
reign of Edward III. of an inquisition that was held at Carlisle in 
1328, in which the Abbot lays claim to the advowson which 
Edward II. had taken from him. The claim was allowed, the 
inquisition finding that they had held it for time beyond memory; 
but a few years later it was again forfeited, and the connection 
finally dissolved, on the ground that the Abbot had become a 
Scotch enemy and rebel. 
The Barony of Lyddale passed, towards the close of the 12th 
century, to the De Stutevilles, a family of great repute and influence 
upon the Borders, one of whom, William, married a niece of 
Ranulf de Glanville, the famous statesman of Henry II.’s reign, 
and was High Sheriff of the County during the early years of King 
John, from 1199 to 1204. The Pipe Rolls, or annual accounts, are 
full of the irksome incidents which, in their and other cases, formed 
the tenure under which they held their possessions from the Crown 
—a very different thing from the fee simple of which we boast in 
modern days. Thus, in the third year of King John, Nicholas de 
Stuteville pays 45 we transfretet—to avoid military service abroad, 
