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level of our Lake Country fell-tops was formed. The newest plain 
in Edenside—the plain that one can trace in a nearly continuous 
strip all along the foot of the Cross Fell escarpment, and round by 
Carlisle is also of this age. To the same period of formation would 
I also refer the plain of much of the great upland region extending 
away from Cross Fell eastward—for I believe that the summit levels 
of this upland tract once formed part of a continuous plain with 
that lying two thousand feet below it at its foot, and that it has 
been dislocated by the Faults at a late Tertiary period, and the 
separated fragments heaved asunder into their present respective 
position. This plain I have generally referred to as the Third, or 
Subcretaceous, Plain. 
Even at the period now referred to, which I regard as coeval with 
the earlier Cretaceous rocks, there seems to be no proof that any 
part of our district had assumed the character of a permanent 
terrestrial surface. Certain phenomena that I can now only refer 
to, seem to prove that the extensive plain I have last spoken of was 
covered nearly everywhere by yet a newer deposit. Unfortunately, 
we are not in the possession of any direct evidence as to what was 
the precise nature of this deposit; the scanty evidence we do get 
seems to point conclusively to it having been a rock more easily 
denuded than any of the stratified rocks in this district ; but what- 
ever the rock was, it was gone; and all I can say is that scraps of 
evidence gathered here and there all over the country seem to me 
to point to this rock having been the Chalk itself, or at all events 
some rock of that age and of that general nature. We may have 
had other rocks here as well, but there is not a scrap of evidence of 
any kind to prove that point. 
APPROXIMATE DATE OF THE LAST GREAT DISTURBANCE, 
It is now left to discuss the question at what geological period 
the last emergence of our district took place. Here again we are 
left very much in the dark. Hardly any feature existing in the 
whole district enables us to throw any light upon this question ; 
but by piecing together the evidence afforded by the geology of 
other parts around, we can get some kind of clue, which may serve 
