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shaped all the existing features of the surface pretty much as we 
find them to-day; but the ice that scooped out so many of our 
beautiful lake basins affected these rocks in a different way. When 
the ice came here it eroded and ground away the surface more 
where the rocks were rasped easily, than where compact rocks came 
in its way ; consequently where subaerial denudation would have 
fretted and corroded away the limestones, and left the sandstones 
and conglomerates nearly as they were (as it has caused the lime- 
stone scars to recede from over Mell Fell downto Dacre, leaving 
the comparatively indestructible conglomerates behind); the ice, on 
the other hand, glided more over the limestone, and scraped and - 
rasped away with greater effect on the beds above and below. So 
it has happened that the soluble and easily-corroded limestone has 
been left here to form broad sloping surfaces, while the less perish- 
able sandstones are ground back into steep banks. 
THE FUTURE OF THE SCENERY. 
Subaerial denudation is, however, re-asserting its sway, and we 
have but to look at the fretted and honeycombed character of the 
limestone rocks here to see that ere long, geologically speaking, the 
old order of things will be restored, and the beautiful scars of grey 
limestone that contribute so much to the natural beauty of Grey- 
stoke Park will waste away to the general level of the surface, or 
below it, and will thus give rise to scenery of a character decidedly 
different. 
CONCLUSION. 
I will now, in conclusion, briefly summarise the changes that have 
resulted in producing the present form of the surface here, 
These Carboniferous rocks were formed under the waters of the 
sea countless millions of years back in the past. As they were 
formed they sank down several thousands of feet below the level 
of the waves, received a thick pile of sediments, became hardened 
into compact rock, were upheaved, tilted, and faulted, and their 
edges shorn off into a great plain of marine denudation, which 
plain, re-exposed, forms much of the present general surface. Then 
