90 
of them has always flowed everywhere in exactly the same direction 
as it does to-day. The course of each represents the net result of 
the long and varied series of changes the ancient stream has passed 
through in its descent from its original level to that it occupies at 
present. The whole face of nature has changed since the Eden 
began to flow. Mountains have been carved out, have been 
wasted away, and their materials have been spread out beneath 
the waves. Race after race of highly-organized beings have been 
evolved, have run their course, and have given place to others. 
And still the Eden flows on, as it will continue to flow until the 
whole of our mountain areas shall have been wasted down to the 
level of the sea. 
EXPLANATION OF THE DIAGRAM. 
Fig. 1. Shews the relation of the Lower Carboniferous Rocks, E, to the 
Upper Old Red, D, and of these as a whole to the Middle Old Red, C; and 
the Silurian rocks, B, and the Ordovician beds, A. (First plain.) 
Fig. 2. This shews diagramatically, the way in which the New Red and 
thr Jurassic rocks overspread the older rocks, from the Carboniferous rocks 
downward. The plane of junction is the Second Plain referred to. 
Fig. 3. Represents a later stage, when the whole district was covered by 
the Cretaceous (&c.) rocks. The Subcretaceous Plain is the Third Plain. 
Fig. 4. Shews the present relation of these three plains to each other and to 
the larger surface features. It is intended also to shew the initial position of 
the watershed, together with the positions occupied at present. 
EXPLANATION OF THE CONTOURED MAP. 
The small map appended is reduced from the map accompanying the writer’s 
paper on the Glacial Phenomena of the Eden Valley, &c. Q.J.G.S. xxxi., 
p. 55 et seg. It shews the distribution of the Shap Granite, and of the drifts 
from Galloway ; and it shews also some of the chief glacial strize, whose direction 
is shewn by that of the short line passing through a small ring. The old lake 
basins of Edenside are shewn by the contours; while the position of the principal 
rock barriers, e.g. those at Eden Lacy, Armathwaite, &c., are shewn by small 
crosses. 
The relation of the drainage area of the Lune to that of the Eden is shewn by 
the zone stippled between the goo feet and the 1000 feet contours. 
The same map will serve to convey a general idea of the Orography of the 
region where the Helm Wind prevails, 
