110 
Bar appeared to be nearly over Kirkland, while the northern 
extremity reached to about Renwick, and the southern extremity 
to Knock Pike. I have endeavoured in Fig. 2 to give a rough 
sketch of the Bar as seen from Cross Fell. 
Fic. 2. 
Motion to NORTH Motion TO SouTH 
HELM BAR. As seen From Cross Fert Aveust 19,1885. ~ 
Although the Bar appeared to be nearly stationary, it was quite 
evident that there was much commotion in the cloud itself, as 
portions of the upper and lower surfaces were whirled about in all 
sorts of ways. We saw this commotion to advantage, as the moon 
was nearly behind the cloud during the greater part of the time we 
were descending the mountain. Just before reaching Kirkland at 
10-30 p.m., we became conscious that the wind had suddenly 
ceased, and that the air was much warmer. This fact seemed so 
strange that Mr. Benn went back about fifty yards and there found 
the wind blowing quite strongly from the Fell, while where I was 
standing the air was calm or nearly so, with an occasional light 
puff of wind from the South-west. The Helm Bar was now nearly 
overhead. This showed that under the Bar there was an upward 
current. 
Mr. Crosby, who left us at 7-15 p.m. to return to Kirkby Thore, 
while Mr. Benn and I proceeded northwards to Ardle Head Mine, 
observed the same peculiarities. The next day he sent me the 
following account :— 
‘‘In coming down the face of the ledge I noticed little scraps of vapour 
beginning to condense in the clear space South-west of us, and remarked to my 
companion that we should probably get out of the wind before we got home, as 
there was a very strong indication of the setting of the Helm Bar. 
“We crossed the stream forming the County Boundary, about 300 yards above 
the fence wall of the Fell, and followed the track along the outgang towards 
Milburn. The condensing was still going on, and there was now a slender string 
of cloud standing over Milburn town-head ;—the white mist was clinging close to 
