114 
From this Table it will be seen that the Helm occurs at all 
seasons of the year; and that it is not such a rare occurrence as 
was generally supposed to be the case—the Helm Bar having 
been observed on 41 occasions in 1885, 63 in 1886, and 19 in 
1887. In the Appendix I have given the observers’ notes on 
several Helms, in order to show that the phenomenon is not 
restricted to any particular season. 
As already stated, the wind blows strongly down the Fell sides 
until it comes nearly under the Bar; it then rushes upwards, and 
so produces a calm beneath the Bar. The air in rushing upwards 
draws the air inwards and upwards along with it on the other or 
western side. This accounts for the Westerly wind which blows 
on the western side of the Bar. Further to the westward, away 
from the influence of this eddy, there should be a downward 
current from the eastward. This has been confirmed by observa- 
tions made by Mr. Dent, on April 21st, 1888. (See Appendix, 
p. 126. 
The ends of the Bar are frequently joined to the Helm Cloud, 
so that the clear space between assumes an oval or an elliptical 
form. 
Fig. 4 gives a section of the Cross Fell range and the Eden 
valley, and shows approximately the position of the Helm Cloud 
and the Bar, with the direction of the wind. 
Fic. 4. 
HIGH CLOUDS—NEARLY STATIONARY. 
MSS SS ns SS SSS 
TERE? W. S.W. 
Section of Cross Fell Range and the Eden Valley, showing approximately the 
position of Clouds and Wind Movement during the prevalence ; 
of the Helm Wind, 
