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the same character and details as some of those in the castle—in 
all probability also Warwick’s work, for their details are those of 
his time. Of the eight ragged staffs it may be asked, Where are 
seven? To answer this, we have only to remember the odium 
afterwards attached to Warwick’s name by the adherents of the 
House of York, and to imagine with what glee the Duke of 
Gloucester’s retainers would destroy the Warwick badges. The 
only wonder is that even one was left; it, however, has been 
broken in the middle, and the point is gone. Perhaps after 
Richard III.’s day, someone having a grateful remembrance of the 
mighty Earl, restored the solitary white staff which remains to this 
day; and may there never be wanting an appreciative church- 
warden to preserve this the last relic of the king-maker in Penrith, 
THE GIANT’S GRAVE. 
In connection with the old church, the “ Giant’s Grave” must 
be noticed as one of the most interesting objects of antiquity. 
With the all but obliterated carving upon the two crosses and the 
intervening hog-backed stones, and the interpretation thereof, I 
will not presume to deal ; they are in the able hands of the Rev. 
W. S. Calverley, who I understand is about to give the result of 
his investigation thereupon. I will only here speak of the site of 
the monuments, and the history of the Giant tradition. 
In preparing for a concrete foundation for the base stones on 
which the hogg-backs have just been placed, the earth to a depth 
of seven feet was found to consist of filled-in soil mixed with broken 
brick, freestone, and broken cobbles, and some shattered human 
bones, but none perfect. This mixture of material was uniform to 
the depth mentioned, and quite at the bottom was found a bit of 
blue willow-pattern pot; attesting the fact that to that depth the 
formation of the ground was comparatively modern. The excay- 
ations were made as near to each pillar as was deemed safe, and 
I am satisfied that the pillars are set upon the same artificial 
formation. The excavation was continued downward into the 
natural boulder clay, which had certainly never before been dis- 
turbed. The excavation showed that the earth near the western 
