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81 
Silvergill, Hay Gill, Red Gill, Dry Gill, and Carrock End Mines, 
all situated in the Caldbeck Fells District, and more or less under 
the same conditions as Roughtengill and Driggeth, have yielded 
small quantities of lead and copper ores, chiefly decomposition 
products. 
Brandy Gill can scarcely take rank as a mine, so little has been 
done in it, but its veins rank next to those of Roughtengill with 
regard to the number of rare and beautiful minerals which they 
contain. Their position between the masses of felsite and gabbro 
on Carrock and Great Lingy, on the eastern and western sides, with 
the bastard granite on the north, and the Skiddaw granite on the 
south, is peculiarly favourable for the production of these rare 
minerals. 
On the southern side of the igneous rocks on Great Lingy, and 
within the area of metamorphosed Skiddaw Slate, surrounding the 
Skiddaw Granite, there are some veins of manganese. These may 
be seen in Burdell Gill, Wiley Gill, and at Knot. They seem to 
have been formed and filled under conditions totally different from 
those which were brought to bear upon the veins on the northern 
side of the igneous rocks, as there is in the former a total absence 
of that variety in their mineral contents, which is the most prominent 
feature in the latter, indeed there is only a little limonite, crystallized 
quartz and calcite associated with the manganese. 
Leaving the Caldbeck Felis District, and journeying round to 
the south-east, the Blencathra veins and mines next claim our 
attention. Most of these veins are like the Caldbeck Fells veins, 
in being associated more or less with igneous rocks, but differ 
widely from them in other respects. The Woodend and Gategill 
veins are the most noteworthy of the group, and they have yielded, 
and are still yielding large quantities of lead and zinc ores, which 
have remained in the condition in which they were first deposited, 
no decomposition nor combination with other minerals having 
taken place. Formerly these veins were worked by separate mines, 
under their respective names, but they are now embraced in one, 
called Threlkeld Mine. The bearing of Woodend vein is about 
to degrees east of north, and of Gategill vein 25 degrees west of 
