41 
THE CLEAVED ASHES 
AND BRECCIAS OF THE VOLCANIC SERIES OF 
BORROWDALE.* |. 
By J. POSTLETHWAITE, F.G.S. 
(Read at the Maryport Annual Meeting.) 
Tue rocks known as the Volcanic Series of Borrowdale occupy 
an oblong area, which stretches across the Lake Country in a north- 
easterly and south-westerly direction. This area measures about 
thirty-four miles in length by twelve miles in width, comprising 
about four hundred square miles; on the north-west it is bounded 
by Skiddaw Slate, except where it abuts against the Buttermere 
and Ennerdale Syenitic Granite. On the north-east, it is succeeded 
partly by Carboniferous Limestone, partly by Conglomerate, and 
partly by Skiddaw Slate. The south-western boundary is formed 
partly of St. Bees Sandstone, partly of Eskdale Granite, and partly 
of the Skiddaw Slate of Black Combe, and the south-eastern mar- 
gin is formed of Coniston Limestone. ‘This area contains several 
lakes, some of the highest mountains in England, and the most 
varied and beautiful scenery that can be found in the British Isles. 
The volcanic rocks of the Borrowdale series consist of ashes and 
* The Rocks of the Volcanic Series of Borrowdale, as well as those belonging 
to other formations in the Lake District, have been described and illustrated 
in a very full and able manner in the Memoirs, Maps, and Sections prepared 
and published by the former Editor of these 7vamsactions, the late Rev. JAMES 
CLIFTON WARD, F.G.S., and I have to acknowledge my indebtedness to his 
works in the preparation of this and other papers. 
