43 
strata. Generally the rock is rather coarse, but in some parts 
there are bands of fine-grained granite. It consists of quartz, 
orthoclase and triclinic felspar, and dark brown mica; in some 
portions of the fine-grained granite the mica is absent. The felspar 
is more or less impregnated with hematite, which gives a reddish 
tint to the rock, and that tint is more apparent on a weathered 
surface than where it has been recently fractured, as the hematite, 
when liberated from the decomposed felspar, overspreads the whole 
surface of the rock. There are also three small exposures of 
granite, which are in all probability connected with the Eskdale 
mass, namely, at Burnmoor Tarn, at the foot of Wastwater, and 
foot of Scawfell. The first named is rather coarse, and the two 
latter fine-grained, but all have the reddish tint which characterizes 
the Eskdale Granite. 
On the opposite margin of the volcanic series, near Shap, there 
is a much smaller, but in some respects a more interesting exposure 
of granite. The rock consists of a base made up of grains of white 
felspar, crystalline quartz, and black mica, in this base are embedded 
large oblong crystals of pink felspar (orthoclase), which are often 
of gigantic size, and form the distinguishing feature of the granite. 
It is much altered where it is in contact with the surrounding 
rocks, the latter also being greatly metamorphosed. The mass, as 
it now exists, measures about two miles in length by one anda 
quarter in width, but it has suffered greatly by denudation, multi- 
tudes of boulders of all sizes being scattered over the country to 
the south and east of the parent mass, some of them having been 
carried to a distance of sixty miles from their original home. 
On Seatoliar Fell, Borrowdale, there is a dyke of diorite lying 
between two masses of intrusive diabase. The masses of diabase 
together measure about three-quarters of a mile in length by about 
a quarter of a mile in width. The rock is very compact, and of a 
dark blue colour ; it consists of a felsitic base, in which there are 
crystals of triclinic felspar, quartz, augite, and some magnetite. 
The diorite, which is much altered, is made up of numerous small 
crystals of felspar, hornblende, magnetite, and chlorite. The dyke 
is about one-third of a mile in length, and forty or fifty feet in width. 
