45 
occurs about the middle of the series, differs considerably from the 
rest; it was originally extremely vesicular throughout, but the 
vesicles have since been filled with quartz, calcite, and a dark green 
or blackish earthy mineral, the product of decomposed augite. 
Small, but beautiful, specimens of agate, carnelian, and jasper are 
frequently found in this lava. It is easily recognized owing to its 
distinctive features, and may be traced a considerable distance. 
Numbers of small fissures have been formed in some of the lavas, 
and these have been filled subsequently with chlorite, epidote, 
quartz, calcite, and other minerals. Some of them are also very 
much jointed, and break into irregular and splintery fragments. 
There is a series of lava flows exposed on Eycott Hill, near 
Berrier, much smaller, and less important, than the series on 
Bleaberry Fell, but one of the former is a very handsome rock, 
containing large crystals of felspar, sometimes more than an inch 
in length. Single sheets of lava may also be seen a little to the 
east of Stanah, in St. John’s Vale, and at the back of Lodore hotel, 
Borrowdale. The former contains numerous crystals of augite, 
but the latter, which is very compact, contains no crystals that are 
visible to the naked eye. 
The ashes and breccias compose the largest portion, probably 
nine-tenths of the rocks of the volcanic series; they are alike, in 
being formed of materials that have been ejected from volcanoes, 
but differ with regard to the size of the fragments they contain. 
The ash, properly so called, varies from a rock containing frag- 
ments of the size of walnuts, which is considered a very coarse ash, 
to a rock formed of fine impalpable powder. Breccias are of all 
degrees of coarseness, from rocks formed chiefly of fragments about 
the size of walnuts, to those in which they measure five or six 
inches across ; but there is one locality on the north-east of Base 
Brown, near Sourmilk Gill, where the breccia contains huge blocks 
several yards in diameter, In both coarse ashes and breccias the 
fragments are generally angular and unworn at the edges, but in 
some rare instances they are water-worn like a conglomerate. In 
colour the ashes and breccias vary from dark green to light grey, 
or sometimes purple. The green tints, which are very prevalent, 
